Course Materials 

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Cosmology

• First Day Presentation - PPT
• Old Blackboards
  • Timeline of the Universe (Left Half, Right Half, Full Board)
  • Monopole Problem - Unification of forces diagram
  • Symmetry - blurry
  • PDF Big Bang Nucleosynthesis 2023 Timeline
• Intro to CMB
• History of Cosmology
• The Shapely-Curtis Debate
• Large Scale Structure map JPG
• Compact Objects Handout
• Exam I Review and Sample Exam  
• Exam II Review and Sample Exam
• Final Exam Topics - In Progress and Sample Questions
• Compact Objects PDF
• Lane-Emden Equation

Special Relativity

• Lorentz Transformations Handout
• Intro to Relativity Handout
• Boost Grids
  • beta = 0.#c 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
• Train Problem
• , Minkowski Diagram - PDF, Maple File - mws, Maple PDF
• ,Solution Explanation - New
• Think Like Einstein
• Dummies guide to Special Relativity
• Introduction to Relativity
• Relativity Notes - Math Intense
• Relativity Lecture Notes - With Spacetime Diagrams
• I Just Need Some Spacetime

General Relativity

• Dr. Herman's GR Class
• Cambridge Relativity
• The Elegant Universe
• GR for Students
• Gravitational Waves
  • LISA https://lisa.nasa.gov/
  • LIGO http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/
• Gravitational Redshift, and at hyperphysics

Black Holes

• Virtual Trips to Black Holes and Neutron Stars
• YouTube Videos
  • Black Holes, White Dwarfs, and Other Dead Stars (9 min), Part 2 (6:41 min)
  • Extreme Physics of Black Holes (8 min), Part 2 (7 min)
  • Black Holes, Neutron Stars, White Dwarfs, Space and Time - Simulation
  • Another Simulation

Friedmann Equation

• Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Metric
• Wikipedia
• Newtonian derivation
• Susskind's Cosmology Lecture #8 (1:54:22)
• Simplest Models of the Universe
• The density parameter
• MATLAB cosmos.mlx

Cosmological Constant/Dark Energy

• The Dark Energy Survey, DES
• Patricia Burchat sheds light on dark matter - TED Talks
• Dark Matter vs Dark Energy from The Black Hole War - Leonard Susskind, The Black Hole Wars: My Battle with Stephen Hawking (1:34:15)
• Black Hole Wars Episode 1 (1:09:51), Episode 2 (1:01:31), Episode 3 (30:52), Episode 4 (42:31), Episode 5 (59:39)
• Dark Energy and the Runaway Universe - Alex Filippenko (1:56:06)

Observations

• Crisis in Cosmology? - The Hubble Tension, or PBS
• "The Crisis in Cosmology" EXPLAINED 12/17/22 (24:42)
• 2022 HST paper: 73.04 +/-1.04 km/s/Mpc, Adam Riess on paper (34:31)
• JWST 9/12/23
• Expansion Rate: The Hubble Tension (5:00)
• What has the James Webb Space Telescope discovered in its first year?
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• The Cepheids and Henrietta Leavitt (6:48)
• The Glass Universe: How the Ladies of the Harvard Observatory Took the Measure of the Stars (56:20)
• Chandra - Images, M31 - New Chandra results
• 2009 Cosmology Workshop Video - (Standard Candles 5:45 onward, includes apparent magnitude)
• Objects
  • Magellanic Clouds, LMC, Images
  • Messier M31, Andromeda Galaxy, Images
  • d Cephei - Images
  • The Local Group of Galaxies
  • Virgo Cluster, Images
  • Coma Cluster Images
• Hubble Deep Field: The Most Important Image Ever Taken (6:38)

Stars

• Stellar Classification
• Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
• HR-Diagram, Luminosity vs Temperature
• Stellar Nucleosynthesis
• Periodic Table
• Sources of Sunshine
• Proton-Proton Fusion and at Wikipedia
• Stellar Nucleosynthesis Explained in 4 Minutes (4:26)
• Nucleosynthesis: The Formation of Elements in the Universe (5:09)
• Star Gives Birth to Possible Black Hole (3:07) and How JWST Solved the Puzzle (8:24)
• Stellar Structure and Evolution at Harvard
• Stellar Structure and Evolution - Notes
• How Stars Work - CalTech slides
• The Lane-Emden-Fowler Equation - An Intriguing ODE RH Talk
• Computational Astrophysics and Lane-Emden Equation
• Lane-Emden Equation
• A Short History of Binary Stars
• Types of Binary Star Systems (6:32)
• Binary Stars: Visual and Spectroscopic (21:56)

Dark Matter

• Galaxy Rotation Curve
• Euclid's first color images Nov 2023 (10:08)
Chandra Movies
• Dark Matter Halo (0:41)
• Using Stellar Streams to Probe the Shape of the Milky Way's Dark Matter Halo (12:53)
• What Galaxy Clusters Teach Us About Dark Matter (4:34)
• Chandra X-Ray Observatory, Bullet Cluster and Bullet Cluster
• Coma Cluster and Images
• Galaxy Taxonomy
• Gravitational Lensing
Gravitational Lensing images
• Twin Quasar
• Einstein Ring
• Supernova Einstein Cross
• The Strange Universe of Gravitational Lensing (13:31)
• Wikipedia
• Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology lectures
• Evalyn Gates - April 19, 2009:
  Einstein's Telescope: The Search for Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (9:36)
• Einstein's Telescope (2:42)
• Shedding light on dark matter (17:08) TED 2008
• How We Could Solve the Dark Matter Mystery (14:55) TED 2022
• The search for dark matter -- and what we've found so far (15:43) TED 2020
• The Strange Universe of Gravitational Lensing (13:31)
• Did JWST Discover Dark Matter Stars? (18:36)
• Warped Spacetime, Gravitational Lensing, and Gravitational Waves (8:13)
• Light Deflection Notes PDF
• Geodesics Equation
• Geodesics for Wormholes
• Spacetime and Penrose Diagrams for Schwarzschild
• Notes on Kerr Metric
• Gravitational Waves Derivation
• Gravitational Waves talk
• When Black Holes Collide talk
• Binder for PyAutoLens

CMB - Recombination and Decoupling

• Big Bang 2023 Timeline PDF
• CMB Probes of the Early Universe: Anisotropies and Distortions (45:32)
• Lecture Notes on CMB - Hu - and other talks
• Physics of CMB Anisotropies - Challinor and Peiris
• Cosmology Lectures University Groningen
• Images
  • DMR Images
  • WMAP
• Fitting the Cosmic Microwave Background Python Example
• Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
• Sound Waves from the Beginning of Time (17:31)
• James Peebles, Nobel Prize in Physics 2019: Official interview (19:09)
• Cosmic Microwave Background Challenge
• Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies Text Chapter with videos
• Peebles Nobel Speech and Video about 30 min.
• Saha ionization equation and the Early Universe

Inflationary Cosmology

• See Scott Watson's paper -from UNCW PHY 499 Honors Thesis
• Wikipedia on Inflation
• Alan Guth Explains Inflation Theory (2:53)
• What Caused the Big Bang? (13:57)
• Alan Guth - Why is an Inflationary Universe so Astounding? (16:03)
• ΛCDM, or Standard, or Concordance Model
• 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey - Large scale structure

Alternative Theories

• Evidence for the Big Bang
• Alternative Cosmological Models
• New Kind of Cyclic Universe Steinhardt (52:14)
Alternatives to Cosmological Inflation - Brandenberger

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