EDN 509 Introduction; Banks et al., ch. 1.

DECISION 1. Write either Yes or No in the blanks provided:

_________1. Culture, redefined, is a set of rules for living developed by a group of people based upon three things: 1) Who they think they are; 2) Where they think they are and 3) The perceived resources available to them.

_________2. Two variables that seem to correlate consistently with high reading scores on norm‑referenced standardized reading tests are ethnicity and social class.

_________3. Deficit theorists blame institutions for failing to meet the needs of learners.

_________4. Difference theorists, such as Arthur Jensen and Shockley, blame the individual for cognitive ineptitude and subsequent academic failure in school.

_________5. A "minority" may be defined as a population that occupies some form of subordinate power position in relation to another population in the same society.

_________6. John U. Ogbu provides a conceptual analysis of three major distinctions among different kinds of minorities, i.e., 1) Autonomous, 2) Immigrant, and 3) Minimalists

_________7. Autonomous minorities experienced involuntary incorporation into the host society, color discrimination, relegation to a subordinate status, are dominated by the values and norms of mainstream society, and perform menial jobs; examples include groups such as: American Indians (Native Americans), African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans.

_________8. Americans have always held tightly to the idea that ethnic cultures would melt or vanish.

_________9. The American assimilationist idea envisions a society in which ethnicity and race are important identities.

________10. Discrimination allows many individuals and groups with particular ethnic, racial, and/or cultural characteristics to attain full structural inclusion into U.S. society.

________11. It is projected that the Asian‑American population will nearly double by the year 2000 whereas the total U.S. population will increase by 20 percent.

________12. The U.S Hispanic population is growing five times faster than is the rest of the U.S. population; on October 12, 1989, the U.S. Census Bureau announced that Hispanics in the United States has passed 20 million, a statistical landmark.

________13. It is appropriate to view Hispanics as a single ethnic or cultural group because they speak the same language.

________14. The population of the nation's schools is becoming increasingly non‑White and poor (i.e. economically).

________15. In 1989, about 1 in 5 American children lived in poverty; this constituted about 12 million children, the equivalent of a medium‑sized nation.

________16. An ethnic revival movement occurs when an ethnic group initiates organized efforts to attain equality within a society, to nurture discrimination toward its members, to attain structural inclusion into society, to legitimize its culture within the nation, and to share a new, positive identity.

________17. An individual American is ethnic to the extent that he or she functions within ethnic subsocieties and shares their values, behavioral styles, and cultures; however, an individual may have a low level of ethnicity or psychological identification with his or her ethnic group or groups.

________18. Most Americans are socialized within ethnic or cultural enclaves and are ethnically illiterate, i.e., within their communities, people learn primarily about their own cultures and assume that their lifestyles are the legitimate ones and that other cultures are invalid, strange, and different.

________19. Individuals who constitute an ethnic group share a sense of group identification, a common set of values, political and economic interests, behavioral patterns, and other culture elements that differ from those of other groups within a society.

________20. An individual is ethnic to the extent that he or she shares the values, behavioral patterns, cultural traits, and identification with mainstream models.

________21. The multicultural curriculum should enable students to derive invalid generalizations and theories about the characteristics of ethnic groups and to learn how they are alike and different.

________22. By the turn of the century, demographers predict that non‑Whites, or people of color, such as African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians, will make up about one‑third of the population of the United States.

________23. Because the Jewish immigrants assumed control of most economic, social, and political institutions early in U.S. national history, to "AMERICANIZE" has been interpreted to mean to aspire to the values of Orthodox Jewish traditions.

________24. Wide differences in experiences and perceptions exist both within and across ethnic and cultural groups.

________25. A canon is a "norm, criterion, model or standard used for evaluating or criticizing"; it is also "a basic general principle or rule commonly accepted as true, valid, and fundamental."

________26. Most school districts have established separate courses on ethnic groups and women rather than incorporate their history/herstory into the mainstream curriculum.

________27. The people who formulate a canon or standard shape it in their own image and in ways that present their experiences, voices, and perspectives as essential parts of the human experience.