1. According to the National Institutes of Health more than _______ percent of American adults are overweight.

A) 40

B) 50

C) 60

D) 70

2. The amount of nonessential (storage) fat in a given individual is the result of all of the following EXCEPT

A) climate.

B) gender.

C) age.

D) metabolism.

3. The minimum acceptable level of essential body fat in males is

A) 1%.

B) 3%.

C) 9%.

D) 12%.

4. The minimum acceptable level of essential body fat in females is

A) 3%.

B) 9%.

C) 12%.

D) 18%

5. Which of the following are activities that use calories?

A) maintaining vital body functions

B) fueling physical activity

C) digesting food

D) all of the above

6. Results from consulting height-weight tables reflect

A) true percent body fat.

B) an accurate index of body composition.

C) an indirect measure of body fatness.

D) an accurate assessment of obesity.

7. Which of the following statements regarding body fat is true?

A) Too little body fat for women is less than 8%.

B) Too little body fat for men is less than 10%.

C) About 12% of a man's body weight is from essential fat.

D) No health risks are associated with too little body fat.

8. A condition in which a person has more body fat than is considered healthy is best described as

A) overfat.

B) obesity.

C) overweight.

D) morbid obesity.

9. According to standards issued by the National Institutes of Health, a healthy BMI is between

A) 12.5 and 19.5.

B) 16.5 and 21.5.

C) 18.5 and 24.9.

D) 22.5 and 27.5.

10. A BMI value of 17.5 may be used as a diagnostic criteria for

A) obesity.

B) depression.

C) anorexia nervosa.

D) diabetes.

11. One of the most accurate methods for assessing body composition is

A) skinfold measurement.

B) hydrostatic (underwater) weighing.

C) electrical impedance analysis.

D) body mass index.

12. Body mass index

A) does not correlate with direct measures of body fat.

B) is the percent body fat divided by percent of fat-free mass.

C) determines if body weight is in proportion to height.

D) is the percent body fat divided by total body weight.

13. A test that assesses the distribution of body fat is

A) electrical impedance.

B) height-weight charts.

C) waist-to-hip ratio.

D) hydrostatic weighing.

14. In which area of the body is fat concentration the greatest risk to health?

A) thighs

B) buttocks

C) abdomen

D) hips

15. All of the following are factors in the development of diabetes EXCEPT

A) age.

B) obesity.

C) a diet high in protein.

D) physical inactivity.

16. Type 2 diabetes

A) occurs in 5-10% of the population.

B) is best prevented by eating a healthy diet and exercising.

C) always requires insulin injections as a method of treatment.

D) has distinctive symptoms in the early stages.

17. Psychological problems stemming from obesity include all of the following EXCEPT

A) depression.

B) schizophrenia.

C) anxiety.

D) low self-esteem.

18. Which of the following statements about weight cycling is true?

A) Its effects on health have not been conclusively determined.

B) It is linked to adult-onset diabetes.

C) It is the opposite of yo-yo dieting.

D) It changes body fat distribution for "apples."

19. Which of the following is not part of one's body image?

A) thoughts

B) attitudes

C) emotions

D) intellect

20. A condition in which suffers have an extreme dissatisfaction with their body composition is

A) body dysmorphic disorder.

B) emphysema.

C) post traumatic stress disorder.

D) bipolar disorder.

21. A condition called the "female athlete triad" consists of all of the following disorders EXCEPT

A) abnormal eating patterns.

B) premature osteoporosis.

C) amenorrhea.

D) dysmenorrhea.

22. Genetic factors that influence human body weight include all of the following EXCEPT

A) metabolism.

B) body fat distribution.

C) body shape.

D) hunger levels.

23. The main component of metabolism is

A) metabolic equivalency rate.

B) resting metabolic rate.

C) base metabolic expenditure.

D) caloric expenditure rate.

24. The biggest influence on a person's metabolism is

A) calories.

B) activity level.

C) the type of food eaten.

D) gender.

25. The greater the amount of muscle mass, the

A) lower the resting metabolic rate.

B) higher the resting metabolic rate.

C) more fat that is needed in the diet.

D) easier it is to gain weight.

26. Exercise affects metabolic rate by doing all of the following EXCEPT

A) increasing muscle mass.

B) increasing resting metabolic rate.

C) building strength during exercise.

D) burning calories during the exercise itself.

27. The hormone thought to be linked to obesity is

A) leptin.

B) adrenalin.

C) epinephrine.

D) creatine.

28. Research has focused on links between carbohydrate craving and a person's

A) academic ability.

B) anxiety levels.

C) moods.

D) drug cravings.

29. On average, Americans exercise ____ minutes per day.

A) 60

B) 45

C) 30

D) 15

30. Which of the following is NOT related to obesity?

A) being of certain racial and ethnic groups

B) living in a city

C) family eating patterns

D) having a low income

31. Most weight problems are problems of

A) metabolic disorders.

B) lifestyle.

C) emotional disorders.

D) childhood abuse.

32. In order to lower the "energy density" of your diet you should

A) eat light pastries and breads.

B) snack on crackers throughout the day.

C) eat three meals a day.

D) add extra fruits and vegetables to your diet.

33. Which of the following foods is a good source of complex carbohydrates?

A) lean chicken

B) unsalted peanuts

C) legumes

D) eggs

34. The recommended daily protein intake should make up _______________% of total daily calories.

A) 10-15

B) 15-20

C) at least 30

D) 55-65

35. Most of the protein we eat is used for

A) energy.

B) growth and tissue repair.

C) regulating body processes.

D) replenishing muscle glycogen stores.

36. The best diet to promote health and maintain a desirable weight is one that

A) eliminates snacks.

B) puts some foods "off limits."

C) combats boredom by avoiding regular eating patterns.

D) allows moderation in food choices.

37. Which of the following is recommended as an optimal eating pattern?

A) eating small, frequent meals at certain times of the day

B) eating three good meals a day

C) eating whenever you feel hungry

D) eating a light breakfast and lunch and large dinner

38. The best type of endurance exercise to add to a weight-management program is

A) 15 minutes of high-intensity exercise.

B) 40 minutes of low-intensity exercise.

C) 45 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise.

D) 1 hour of high-intensity exercise.

39. Which type of exercise best helps maintain fat-free mass during diet-induced weight loss?

A) endurance exercise

B) strength training

C) flexibility exercise

D) aerobic exercise

40. Fat substitutes

A) are new on the market.

B) can be carbohydrate or protein based.

C) generally contribute the same amount of calories per gram as fat.

D) are used only in dessert foods and snacks.

41. The low self-esteem many overweight people have

A) is not a significant barrier to weight loss.

B) is usually the cause of the weight problem.

C) often results from comparing the actual self to a mental picture of the "ideal self."

D) has to be completely eliminated before weight-loss programs can be implemented.

42. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding coping strategies and eating?

A) Eating often results from boredom.

B) Food is used to alleviate loneliness.

C) Eating is sometimes a form of self-punishment.

D) Food intake is always excessive.

43. Which of the following characteristics should be looked for in evaluating and selecting a diet book?

A) advocacy of special diets

B) advocacy of a balanced approach to diet plus exercise

C) claims that the book is based on scientific breakthroughs

D) recommendations to combine foods in special ways or to rotate levels of calorie intake to effect weight loss

44. Adverse effects of ephedra include all of the following EXCEPT

A) panic attacks.

B) nausea.

C) seizures.

D) lethargy.

45. The fiber in diet pills

A) satisfies a person's normal daily fiber requirement.

B) has been clinically demonstrated to facilitate weight loss.

C) provides dietary fiber and suppresses appetite.

D) is claimed to cause a feeling of "fullness" in the stomach.

46. Commercial weight loss programs that belong to the Partnership for Healthy Weight Management have agreed to

A) provide a money-back guarantee.

B) provide information on success rates of their programs.

C) send their staff for nutrition-related training.

D) stop selling packaged foods.

47. The drug used to facilitate weight loss by increasing serotonin levels is

A) sibutramine.

B) orlistat.

C) leptin.

D) phentermine.

48. Prescription drugs are usually recommended only to people with a BMI over

A) 15

B) 20

C) 30

D) 40

49. Surgery for the severely obese is recommended only if the individual is ____ pounds over their ideal weight.

A) 75

B) 100

C) 150

D) 200

50. Chronic dieting during periods of adolescence can lead to all of the following EXCEPT

A) eating disorders.

B) high blood pressure.

C) menstrual irregularities.

D) stunted physical growth.

51. An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to eat enough food to maintain a minimally normal body weight is

A) voluntary starvation.

B) bulimia nervosa.

C) anorexia nervosa.

D) binge-eating disorder.

52. An eating disorder characterized primarily by alternating binge eating and self-induced vomiting is

A) voluntary starvation.

B) bulimia nervosa.

C) anorexia nervosa.

D) binge-eating disorder.

53. Eating disorders in America affect

A) mostly adults.

B) mostly minorities.

C) mostly women.

D) all groups equally.

54. Dissatisfaction with body image and weight is associated LEAST with

A) below-average academic achievement.

B) perfectionistic beliefs.

C) unreasonable demands for self-control.

D) excessive self-criticism.

55. Which of the following statements regarding behavior associated with eating disorders is true?

A) People with anorexia lose control over their behavior.

B) People with bulimia overcontrol their behavior.

C) People with binge-eating disorder lose control but include compensatory behaviors.

D) People with anorexia overcontrol their behavior.

56. Fear of fat is most strongly associated with

A) anorexia.

B) bulimia.

C) binge-eating disorder.

D) restrictive dieting.

57. A health risk associated with anorexia nervosa is

A) low blood pressure.

B) eroded tooth enamel.

C) chronic hoarseness.

D) stomach rupture.

58. Characteristics of bulimia include all of the following EXCEPT

A) fear of becoming fat.

B) significant weight loss.

C) bingeing followed by purging.

D) concern about control.

59. A health effect associated with bulimia is

A) dry skin.

B) muscle wasting.

C) fine body hair.

D) cavities.

60. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of binge-eating disorder?

A) eating more rapidly than normal

B) eating when not hungry

C) eating alone

D) purging

61. Which of the following is most closely associated with compulsive eating?

A) bulimia nervosa

B) binge-eating disorder

C) anorexia nervosa

D) anxiety symptoms

62. The crucial first step in the treatment of anorexia is to

A) change the person's body image.

B) provide vitamin supplements.

C) restore body weight.

D) initiate psychological support.

63. An initial step in the treatment of bulimia is

A) restoring body weight.

B) treating depression.

C) stabilizing eating patterns.

D) changing thought processes associated with body image.