1. Changes in body structure that result from
the passage of time are called _______________ aging.
a) sociological b)
psychological c) biological
d) chronological
2. People in their teens should undertake which
one of the following steps to help them with the aging process?
a) assess
financial status c) establish good health habits
b) reevaluate
health insurance plans d) develop important relationships
3. People in their twenties and thirties should
undertake which one of the following to help them with the aging process?
a) assess
financial status c) establish good health habits
b) reevaluate
health insurance plans d) develop important relationships
4. Individuals in their forties should undertake
which one of the following to help them with the aging process?
a) develop
important relationships c) establish good health habits
b) reevaluate
health insurance plans d) assess financial status
5. Which of the following steps should
individuals undertake in their fifties to help them with the aging process?
a) reevaluate
health insurance plans c) develop important relationships
b) establish
good health habits d) assess financial status
6. Physical changes due to aging that can be
prevented by a healthy lifestyle include all of the following EXCEPT
a) weak muscles. b)
loss of teeth. c) osteoporosis. d)
loss of height.
7. A degenerative illness that causes shaking or
trembling is called
a) glaucoma.
c) Alzheimer's disease.
b) Parkinson's
disease. d) macular degeneration.
8. What is the most common treatment for
Parkinson's disease?
a) fetal-cell
implantation c) dietary changes
b) the
drug L-dopa d) It is untreatable.
9. Regular physical exercise enhances all of the
following EXCEPT
a) sustained
lung capacity. c) physical health.
b) hearing
ability. d) memory capacity.
10. Regular physical exercise leads to all of the
following EXCEPT
a) weight control.
b) maintenance of flexibility.
c) protection against heart attack.
d) decreased resilience and suppleness of
arteries.
11. Benefits of regular physical activity include
all of the following EXCEPT
a) prevention against osteoporosis.
b) increased bone fractures caused by increased
bone mass.
c) increased effectiveness of the immune
system.
d) maintenance of flexibility and balance.
12. Rapid decision-making and problem-solving
ability is referred to as
a) fluid
intelligence. c) solid intelligence.
b) common
sense. d) crystallized intelligence.
13. Fluid intelligence is the ability to
a) move easily from situation to situation.
b) maintain short-term memory.
c) find solutions when confronted with a new
problem.
d) memorize information and repeat it at a later
date.
14. Which of the following three nutrients are
most often lacking in seniors' diets?
a) niacin,
vitamin C, and vitamin A c) calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B-12
b) folic acid, chromium, and
vitamin K d) iron, sodium, and vitamin E
15. Which of the following should be eaten by the
elderly person who wants to effectively manage his or her diet?
a) low-carbohydrate
foods c) low-fat foods
b) high-protein
foods d) low-fiber foods
16. Achieving and maintaining normal weight
CANNOT be achieved by
a) starvation diets.
b) regular physical exercise.
c) reduction in calories.
d) combining exercise and calorie reduction.
17. Signs of potential alcohol or drug dependence
in older adults include all of the following EXCEPT
a) increased activity. b)
unexplained falls c) malnutrition d)
frequent injuries
18. Cigarette smoking is linked to all of the
following EXCEPT
a) osteoporosis. b)
skin wrinkling. c) hearing loss. d)
premature balding.
19. A disease in which the fluid inside the eye
is under abnormally high pressure and can lead to blindness is
a) glaucoma.
b) cataracts. c)
conjunctivitis d) presbyopia.
20. Regular testing for glaucoma should begin
after age
a) 30.
b) 40. c)
50. d) 60.
21. To reduce stress in your life as you age, it
is a good idea to
a) sleep
6 hours or less every night. c) practice relaxation techniques.
b) work
as hard as you can. d) use recreational drugs and alcohol.
22. Which of the following is most characteristic
of retirement?
a) meeting deadlines
b) trying to find enough leisure time
c) needing to learn how to enjoy leisure time
d) seeking competition
23. Women are more likely to be at a financial
disadvantage during retirement than are men. Which one of the following is NOT
a contributing factor?
a) Women have, on average, lower lifetime
incomes than men.
b) Women are less likely to be covered by
pension plans.
c) Women are less likely to develop chronic
conditions, which are not covered by health insurance.
d) Women are less likely to invest in retirement
plans.
24. Which of the following strategies will NOT
improve communication with a person who has hearing loss?
a) Speak at a distance of 3 to 6 feet.
b) Use short sentences.
c) Speak at a slightly louder than normal
voice.
d) Speak quickly.
25. The slow disintegration of the tissue at the
center of the retina is known as
a) glaucoma.
b) osteoporosis. c)
macular degeneration. d) arthritis.
26. Usually occurring by one's forties, this
vision problem causes a gradual inability to focus on objects close to you.
a) cataracts
b) presbyopia c)
macular degeneration d) glaucoma
27. Which of the following strategies can help a
person with vision loss?
a) Increase light sources.
b) Avoid the use of hats and/or sunglasses
outside.
c) Get treatment for presbyopia.
d) Paint rooms a darker color.
28. Warning signs of arthritis include all of the
following EXCEPT
a) fever with joint pain. b)
early morning stiffness.
c) swelling. d)
sore throat.
29. The type of arthritis that typically affects
the hands and weight-bearing joints of the knees, ankles, and hips is
a) rheumatoid arthritis. b)
lupus. c) osteoarthritis. d)
muscular arthritis.
30. Which of the following is a strategy for
reducing the risk of arthritis?
a) avoiding
retirement c) getting more sleep
b) exercise
d) lifting and carrying grandchildren
31. The enzymes that produce prostaglandins
causing pain and inflammation are
a) COX-1.
b) NSAIDs. c)
COX-2. d) MAO.
32. Strategies to reduce the severity of
arthritis includes all of the following EXCEPT
a) taking
medication. c) exercising.
b) having
surgery. d) maintaining appropriate weight.
33. Symptoms related to menopause include
a) increased
sexual desire. c) emotional changes.
b) excessive
energy. d) intellectual deterioration.
34. Drawbacks associated with hormone replacement
therapy for menopause include all of the following EXCEPT
a) potential
rapid weight gain. c) breast tenderness.
b) depression.
d) Alzheimer's disease.
35. The most serious potential consequence of
menopause is
a) memory loss. b)
joint discomfort. c) bone fractures. d)
tooth decay.
36. Which of the following medications can have a
negative impact on bone mass?
a) corticosteroids b)
aspirin c) prozac
d) fosamax
37. Which of the following is a good lifelong
strategy for reducing the effects of osteoporosis?
a) avoid
alcohol use c) avoid tobacco use
b) avoid
exercise d) avoid overexposure to the sun
38. The medical term for severe brain
deterioration is
a) dementia.
b) senility. c)
Alzheimer's disease. d) pre-senile dementia.
39. What is the percentage of people under age 80
who suffer from dementia?
a) 7%
b) 14% c)
21% d) 28%
40. Which of the following is the earliest
indicator of dementia?
a) failure
to grasp a situation c) forgetting events of the day
b) forgetting
conversations d) forgetting how to perform simple tasks
41. Which of the following is NOT necessarily a
symptom of dementia?
a) failure
to grasp a situation c) repeatedly telling stories from the past
b) forgetting
how to perform simple tasks d) forgetting events of the day
42. Causes of reversible dementia include all of
the following EXCEPT
a) depression. b)
vitamin B-12 deficiency.
c) Alzheimer's disease. d)
alcoholism.
43. The first symptom(s) of Alzheimer's disease
is/are
a) forgetfulness and inability to concentrate.
b) confusion or disorientation.
c) aggressive behavior.
d) change in personality.
44. Factors that may possibly delay the onset of
Alzheimer's disease include all of the following EXCEPT
a) regularly using nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs.
b) having antioxidants in the diet.
c) consuming fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
d) taking vitamin D supplements.
45. Which of the following methods is the only
certain way of diagnosing Alzheimer's disease?
a) blood tests b)
MRI c) autopsy
d) CT scan
46. How much time does it generally take to
resolve the grief associated with losing a loved one?
a) 3 months
b) 6 months c) 1
to 2 years d) 3 years
47. Symptoms of unresolved grief over a death
usually include all of the following EXCEPT
a) hostility toward those connected with the
death.
b) talking about the death as if it were
"just yesterday."
c) harmful behavior (giving away all of one's
belongings).
d) manic behavior.
48. The worst consequence of unresolved grief
among the elderly is
a) isolation
and withdrawal. c) chronic depression.
b) suicide.
d) total dependency on others.
49. For a female born in the United States in
2000, life expectancy is _______________ years.
a) 68.9
b) 73.6 c)
79.4 d) 85.3
50. The average length of life of members of a
species is called
a) life span.
b) life expectancy. c)
life cycle. d) lifetime.
51. For a male born in the United States in 2000,
life expectancy is _______________ years.
a) 68.9
b) 73.0 c)
79.7 d) 85.3
52. Differences in life expectancy between males
and females are due to all of the following EXCEPT rates of
a) injury.
b) exercise. c)
alcohol use. d) tobacco use.
53. Increased life expectancy in the United
States during this century is due to
a) the control of childhood and infectious
diseases.
b) the defeat of chronic illness.
c) the fitness boom.
d) increased use of vitamin supplements.
54. The increase in life expectancy of Americans
in this century is due to all of the following EXCEPT
a) control of childhood diseases.
b) greater success in treating chronic diseases.
c) less stressful lifestyles.
d) improved sanitation conditions.
55. The theoretically projected length of life
based on maximum potential of the human body in the best environment is called
a) life span.
b) life expectancy. c)
life cycle. d) lifetime.
56. Although not many people reach this age, the
upper end of the human life span is about _______________ years.
a) 105
b) 110 c)
115 d) 120
57. Failure to achieve a maximum potential life
span results from all of the following EXCEPT
a) destructive
environmental factors. c) destructive behavioral factors.
b) retirement.
d) physical inactivity.
58. Which of the following statements are not
part of cellular theories of aging?
a) Cells can duplicate themselves only a set
number of times.
b) Normal cellular activity is undermined by
environmental pollution.
c) Connective tissue and collagen become
hyperelastic resulting in wear and tear on the body.
d) The body generates free radicals, which
impair cellular functioning.
59. The approximate percentage of people in the
United States who were over age 65 in 2000 is
a) 10%.
b) 13%. c)
15%. d) 18%.
60. Which of the following statements regarding
the elderly population is FALSE?
a) The number of older people who are ill or
dependent rises proportionately as the aging population increases.
b) Health care is the largest expense for older
adults.
c) About 11% of people over age 65 live in
poverty.
d) Overall, the elderly population is worse off
today than it has ever been in the past.
61. Which of the following statements about the
financial status of the elderly is TRUE?
a) Many live on a fixed income.
b) They have fewer living expenses after
retirement.
c) Few rely on Social Security as their sole
source of income.
d) They have greater net worth from lifetime
savings.
62. Which of the following statements about
Social Security is TRUE?
a) Social Security provides most elderly
Americans enough to live on.
b) Social Security funds can be used to
supplement income only by those over age 65.
c) Social Security is intended to supplement
other income.
d) You can collect Social Security benefits
anytime in your life when you are unemployed.
63. What percentage of the elderly live with a
spouse or relative?
a) 6%
b) 26% c)
56% d) 66%
64. What percentage of the elderly in America
live alone or with a nonrelative?
a) 5%
b) 34% c)
54% d) 70%
65. What percentage of the elderly live in
nursing homes or institutions?
a) 4%
b) 25% c)
50% d) 70%
66. A living arrangement for healthy seniors that
matches them with like-minded individuals is called
a) nursing home. b)
home sharing. c) retirement community. d)
hospice.
67. All of the following are necessary to create
a safe environment for a person with Alzheimer' disease EXCEPT
a) using
childproof locks. c) removing all pets from the home.
b) making
sure the home is well lit. d) installing grab bars in the bathroom.
68. The program that was designed to finance health
care services for the elderly and disabled but requires the elderly to cover
many health care expenses out of their own pockets is
a) Medicare.
b) Social Security. c)
Medicaid. d) Aid to Dependent Individuals.
69. Which of the following statements regarding
Medicare is FALSE?
a) Medicare pays for about 70% of the medical
costs of the elderly.
b) Medicare pays for acute illness.
c) Medicare is paid for in part by payroll tax.
d) Medicare Part B is a supplement financed by
individuals who choose to enroll.
70. About what percentage of the cost of nursing
home care is paid for by Medicare?
a) less than 1% b)
2% c) 10%
d) 30%
71. Which of the following statements about
Medicaid is true?
a) Medicaid is available to low-income people
of any age.
b) The portion of Medicaid spending attributed
to the elderly has risen significantly in the past 10 years.
c) The elderly are not eligible for Medicaid.
d) Medicaid does not pay for nursing home
services.
72. About what portion of the cost of personal
health care expenditures (based on the U.S. gross national product) is spent on
the elderly?
a) 10%
b) 25% c)
33% d) 50%
73. An individual who studies phenomena
associated with the aging process is a/an
a) gerontologist. b)
geriatrician. c) ageologist.
d) ornithologist.
74. An individual who specializes in the
diseases, disabilities, and care of the elderly is a/an
a) gerontologist. b)
geriatrician. c) ageologist.
d) ornithologist.
75. As a larger proportion of the population
becomes elderly, changes need to occur in all of the following EXCEPT
a) government policies.
b) attitudes of the general population.
c) health care policies.
d) recommendations regarding exercise and diet.
76. A better arrangement than losing the
productivity of elderly individuals at retirement includes all of the following
EXCEPT
a) setting an arbitrary age for what is old.
b) providing volunteer and paid employment for
retirees.
c) providing retraining programs for
occupational and leisure time activities for retirees.
d) providing community-sponsored classes for
retirees.