Chapter 8
Practica
PRACTICUM 8.1: Future tense (first and second
conjugations): Change the present tense verbs into the
future tense, keeping consistent in person and number, then translate the
future tense.
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Present tense |
Future tense |
English meaning (future) |
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1.
iuväs |
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2.
timëmus |
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3.
lacrimant |
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4.
labörat |
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5.
portö |
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6.
vidëmus |
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7.
habent |
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8.
sedet |
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9.
debeö |
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10. monës |
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PRACTICUM 8.2: Future tense (third, third-io
and fourth conjugations): Change the present tense verbs into the
future tense, keeping consistent in person and number, then translate the
future tense.
|
Present tense |
Future tense |
English meaning (future) |
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1.
rapiunt |
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2.
serviö |
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3.
trahit |
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4.
vendimus |
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5.
vincunt |
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6.
surgis |
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7.
dormïs |
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8.
advenitis |
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9.
cognoscimus |
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10. eunt |
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11. ferö |
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12. volumus |
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PRACTICUM 8.3: Future tenses: In
this passage, a fortune-teller (saga,
-ae f) tells the mother of a soldier
what will happen in her son’s life.
(Note: the soldier is the one from the Gesta Römänörum lion
story). The passage is narrated in the
present tense, but should be in the future tense. Change the underlined verbs into the future
tense, and be ready to translate in class!
saga
mätrï mïlitis dixit: fïlius tuus mïles est _____________________ . rëgem bene iuvat
_____________________, et omnia facit
_____________________quae rëx eum iubet
_____________________. quödam dië fïlius
tuus in silvïs bestiäs quaerit _____________________; deinde leönem
vulnerätum videt_____________________. leönem adiuvat
_____________________et vulnus sanat _____________________. postea, rëgem prodit
_____________________, et in eandem silvam fugit
_____________________. in silvä manet
_____________________et omnës quï per silvam ambulant, fïlius tuus oppugnat
_____________________et bona eörum rapit _____________________. rëx eum capit _____________________et
ad bestiäs eum mittit _____________________. sed nölï timëre: leo quem (which) fïlius
serväverat, eum nunc servat _____________________. rëx fïliö tuö parcit
_____________________. fïlius tuus vir
bonus fit _____________________; bene vïvit
_____________________.
PRACTICUM 8.4: Future perfect tense:
Change the following verbs into the future perfect tense, keeping
consistent in person and number, then translate the verb. (Step one: find the perfect stem; step two:
add the future perfect ending.)
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Present tense |
Future perfect tense |
English meaning |
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1.
dücunt |
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2.
volö |
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3.
habëmus |
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4.
sunt |
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5.
manümittit |
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6.
veniunt |
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7.
pugnäs |
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8.
vendis |
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9.
dat |
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10. vincitis |
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PRACTICUM 8.5: Future perfect sentences. (a)
Underline the future perfect verb, (b) double-underline the future tense verb,
and (c) translate the following sentences:
1. sï leönem in
silvä vïderö, territa erö!
2. cum vër
advënerit, beatï erimus.
3. cum hunc librum
lëgerit, multa cognoscet.
4. cum mäter eum
vocäverit, continuö accurret.
5. sï Römänï nös
oppugnäverint, fortiter pugnäbimus.
PRACTICUM 8.6: Pronouns: Translate the following phrases / sentences
(much vocabulary from pp. 64 & 68).
PRACTICUM 8.7: Pronouns: Translate the following sentences, noting
(even if it isn’t obvious in the English translation) whether direct object in
question “belongs to” the subject or someone else .
PRACTICUM 8.8: nölö/malö:
Translate the following sentences/ phrases.
PRACTICUM 8.9:
sï Römänï nös
in servitütem duxerint, ä familiä, ab amïcïs nös rapient. uxörem ä marïtö, fïliam ä mätre,
sorörem ä frätre saevissimë trahent. nös
omnës singulös in urbibus alienïs vendent; numquam uxörës, numquam matrës,
numquam fïliös fïliäsve vidëbïmus. . . necesse est nobis aut fortiter pugnäre,
aut servï in domum hostium vïtam agere. itaque vös paräte ad proelium; fortiter
pugnäte; nölïte mortem timëre. sed
servitütem timëte, et servitütem uxörum parentum
fïliörumque.
|
Word |
Gender |
Number |
Case |
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nös |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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servitütem |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat.
abl. |
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familiä |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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uxörem |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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mätre |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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mätrës |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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servï |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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hostium |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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uxörum |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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parentum |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
PRACTICUM 8.10: Reading: For each underlined verb, give the required
information.
et
infëlicissimum est fätum fëminärum.
Römänï eäs lacrimantës ä familiïs trahent; sï mïlitës eäs rapere
voluerint, id facient. ductae ad
forum urbis novae, miserae ibi stäbunt; omnës praetereuntës eäs
spectäre, eäs et tangere* poterunt.
in terrä novä venditae, ad dominös novös missae, fëminae tuae in domibus
hostium laböräbunt. . . necesse est nobis aut fortiter pugnäre, aut servï in
domum hostium vïtam agere. itaque
vös paräte ad proelium.
|
Verb |
person |
number |
tense or mood |
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est |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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trahent |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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rapere |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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voluerint |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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stäbunt |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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stäbunt |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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agere |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
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paräte |
1st 2nd 3rd |
s. pl. |
pres.
imp. fut. perf.
plup. f. perf. imperative infinitive |
PRACTICUM 8.11: Relative Pronoun: For
each of the following sentences, underline the antecedent, put parentheses
around the relative clause, and translate the sentence.
1.
domina
servös manümittet quï bene eam servävërunt.
2.
hominës
quï contra populum Römänum pugnävërunt, numquam cïvës Römänï fiunt.
3.
Lucius
fëminam amat cuius dominus mox eam manümittet.
4.
vir cui
omnia närrävï est amïcus optimus.
5.
oppidum
in quö vïxeramus dëstructum est.
PRACTICUM 8.12: Relative Pronoun: Choose
the correct form of the relative pronoun to fill in the blank. Step 1: Find the gender and number of the
antecedent. Step 2: Determine the
correct case for the relative pronoun in its own clause by seeing whether it is
the subject, direct object, showing possession, etc. Step 3: Choose the correct form of quï, quae, quod.
1. panthëra
(_____________________ vir vïdit) benigna eï erat. The panther which the man saw was kind to him.
2. panthëra
(____________________ in viä iacëbat) virum nön nocuit. The
panther which was lying in the road did not harm the man.
3. panthëra
(_______________________ catulï in foviam ceciderant) virö mötibus dixit. The panther whose cubs had fallen
into a pit, spoke to the man with gestures.
4. servï
(_______________________ dominum bene serviunt) volunt lïberï esse. Slaves who
serve their masters well want to be free.
5. servï
(_______________________ dominï benignï sunt), melius serviunt. Slaves to
whom their masters are kind , serve (them) better.
6. illï servï in
oppidum habitäverant (_______________________ Römänï dëstruërunt). Those
slaves had lived in a town which the Romans destroyed.
7. hominës
(_______________________ adversus Römänös pugnant), deinde së dëderunt, in
numerö dëditïciörum sunt. People who fight against
8. virï
(_______________________ in forö vïdï) nunc sunt cïvës Römänï. The men
whom I saw in the forum are now Roman citizens.
9. puer
(_______________________ mater est ancilla), est servus. A child
whose mother is a slave, is a slave.
10. patriam amämus
(_______________________ Römänï vïcërunt).
We love our country, which
the Romans conquered.
PRACTICUM 8.13: Relative
Pronoun: For each sentence, put
parentheses around the relative clause, then circle the correct form of the
relative pronoun from those given at the end of the sentence. Be ready to translate sentences in
class. Step 1: Read the sentence, put
the relative clause in parentheses, and determine what is needed to complete
the meaning of the relative clause (i.e. a subject, object, object of
preposition, etc.). Step 2: check the
gender and number of the antecedent. Step 3: Choose a relative pronoun that
meets all your criteria!
1. fëmina ____ amö
më nön amat. (quae, quam, quï, quid)
2. virös fugimus
____ nös capere volunt. (quï, quae,
quös, quem)
3. omnia ____ dïcis,
iam audïvï. (quï, quae, quod, quö)
4. puerös cognövï
____ servï fuerant. (quï, quös, quibus,
quörum)
5. dominus ____
agrum colimus nunc Römam venit. (cuius,
quem, quörum, quibus)
6. leo virum
interfëcit ä ____ vulnerätus est. (quörum, quibus, quö, quae)
7. mäter puerörum
____ dïligenter labörant eös laudat. (quï, quörum, quibus, quam)
8. canis ____ cibum
bonum dedï eum nön ëdit. (quï, quem,
cui, cuius)
PRACTICUM 8. 14: Perfect Passive: Use
the verbs in parentheses to complete the following sentences, and be ready to
translate the sentences in class. Step
1: Find the perfect passive participle and add the correct form of sum, esse. Step 2: Make the perfect passive participle
agree with the subject.
1. puella ä mätre
_______________________________ (vöcö (1))
2. mïlitës cum amïcïs
______________________________ (oppugnö (1))
3. omnia ä familiä _______________________________
(vendö, -ere, vendidï, venditus)
4. hostës ä Römänïs
________________________________ (vincö, -ere, vïcï, victus)
5. nävis ad lïtus
_________________________________ (trahö, -ere, träxi, tractus)
6. verba düra ä magiströ _________________________________
(dïcö, -ere, dixï, dictus)
7. fïliae ä patribus semper
_________________________________ (dïligö, -ere, dïlexï, dïlectus)
8. librï ä discipulïs
_______________________________ (legö, -ere, legï, lectus)
PRACTICUM 8.15: Reading: For
each of the underlined words, give gender, number and case:
sï ancilla ex
cïve Römänö concëperit,* deinde manumissa pepererit,* quï
nascitur*, lïber nascitur. nam hï,
quï illegitimë concipiuntur*, statum sumunt ex eö tempore, quö
nascuntur. itaque sï ex lïberä
nascuntur, lïberï fiunt. nec interest*,
ex quö mäter eös concëperit, cum ancilla fuerit. at hï, quï legitimë concipiuntur, ex
conceptiönis tempore statum sumunt.
|
Word |
Gender |
Number |
Case |
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ancilla |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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cïve |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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quï |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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hï |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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tempore |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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quö |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
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mäter |
m f n |
s pl |
nom.
acc. gen. dat. abl. |
PRACTICUM 8.16: Reading: From the selections from Gaius’ Institutes,
answer the following an your own words (in English):
1. What are the
three major areas of Law?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What is the
central division of status in law concerning people?
______________________________________________________________________
3. What is the
difference between an ingenuus and a lïbertus?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. What are the
three possible legal statuses for a freed slave?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What is the legal
status of a freed slave who had once fought against Rome?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. If a freed
slave-woman gives birth to a child conceived in slavery, is that child a slave
or free?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________