ANT 322 Primate Biology and Behavior

Life Stages: Fertilization through Infancy

· Which chromosomes lead to females and males? What are androgens?

· Are female and male infants treated similarly or differently? Does the birth of a younger sibling affect each sex similarly or differently?

· Fertilization to Birth: Define: heterogametic, homogametic, primary sex ratios, secondary sex ratios

· Do female and male fetuses place the same energetic demands on mothers during gestation?

· Infancy: What does it mean that lemurs and lorises are more altricial at birth when compared to tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans?

· In which primate groups do fathers and older siblings care for (i.e., carry) offspring?

· Is mortality similar or different for female and male infants? Does parental care of infants vary if the infant is female or male?

· Define: stochastic

· What are some features of maternal care? What is “infant kidnapping”? Do the differences in maternal style seem to arise from biological or environmental factors?

· What are some features of paternal care? What are some examples of direct forms of paternal care? Indirect?

· Define: alloparental care

· What role does prolactin play in parenting?

· Define: primiparous, multiparous

· How do mothers vary in their tolerance of others handling their infants? What influence, if any, does rank or kinship have?

· Define: parent-offspring conflict

· What are some features of weaning? What do mothers do? How do infants behave?