ANT 322
Primate Biology and Behavior

Test 2 Review Guidelines

Mechanics:

• The test multiple choice, 50 questions, 5 answer choices per question, 2 points each.

• There will be two bonus questions worth 2 points each for extra credit.

• Tests will be graded on a curve, as stated in the syllabus

What to study:

• Class notes, including online powerpoint supplements

• Textbook:  Chapters 3 and 4

Priorties:

• Items in your notes and text that overlap

Test 2 covers UNIT II:  Primate History and Change Over Time in Biology and Behavior

Chapter 3 pp. 73-81

Epochs:  Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, Holocene.  Know the time ranges for these epochs and major events pertaining to primates such as mammalian relative of (not direct ancestor of) primates, the first true primates, the age of baboons, ape adaptive radiation, when New and Old World Monkeys likely diverged, how populations migrated and when and from/to where in general.  Be familiar with early ancestors to hominids, then the true hominids (graciles and robusts), early Homo, Neanderthals, and anatomically modern humans—key skeletal/dental features, what makes them unique from others, etc. 

Chapter 4 pp. 99-140

Natural Selection

Genetic Variation:  mutations (majority are neutral, what does this mean?), recombination, gametes, karyotype

Mechanisms of Inheritance:  Mendelian genetics, automosmal genes, alleles, zygote, diploid, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype, dominant codominant, recessive, negative assortative mating, positive assortative mating, inbreeding, inbreeding depression, major histocompatability complex (MHC)

Variations within populations:  polymorphic, genetic drift, fixed allele, viable (regarding population size), founder populations, gene flow

Genetic and Environmental Influences:  how much genetic variation is necessary to maintain adaptive viability of a population?  Temperament (environmental, genetic?), infanticide, lactational amenhorrea, why is there menopause?

Kin Selection and Reciprocal Altruism:  altruism, selfish behavior, group selection, mutualism, kin selection, inclusive fitness, Hamilton’s Rule, agonistic interactions, kin recognition, phenotypic matching, relatedness threshold for altruism, reciprocal altruism, coalition, coalition rank, triadic awareness, game theory, Prisoner’s dilemma, evolutionary stable strategy (ESS)

Individual Strategies and Social Organizations, Conflict and Cooperation Same-Sex, and Conflict between the Sexes

Information from the videos synthesizes concepts tied to the evolution of certain traits and how behaviors have arisen and developed.  Videos bridge concepts from Chapters 3 and 4 and your notes will serve as a guide as you draw much of the material from the text out on your own through your readings. 

Questions will include straightforward definitions of bold-faced terms and will also require you to make logical connections between concepts and examples of behavior, such as identifying examples of altruism from a video.