Midterm Study Guide
ANT 207
This is the review sheet for the Midterm exam, which will take place on Friday, March 5 in class. The review session will be Wednesday, March 3 in class.
Know the definitions of the following terms, and be able to say how they’re important to archaeology:
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Archaeology |
Anthropology |
Four-field approach |
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Archaeological culture |
Culture |
Franz Boas |
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Ecofacts |
Independent invention |
Cultural ecology |
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Culture history |
Processualism |
Postprocessualism |
|
Lewis Binford |
Ian Hodder |
Diffusionism |
|
Covering laws |
Modernism |
Postmodernism |
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Technomic |
Sociotechnic |
Ideotechnic |
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Artifact |
Systems theory |
Material culture assemblage |
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Stratigraphy |
Middle-range theory |
Principle of Uniformitarianism |
|
Principle of Superposition |
Charles Lyell |
Augustus Pitt-Rivers |
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James Hutton |
Thomas Jefferson |
Boucher de Perthes |
|
Sir Mortimer Wheeler |
Catastrophism |
Ethnographic analogy |
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Ethnoarchaeology |
Neolithic Revolution |
Hilly flanks of the Zagros |
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Carrying capacity |
Fertile Crescent |
V. Gordon Childe |
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Food production |
Natufians |
PPNA |
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Domestication |
Sickle harvesting |
Rachis |
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Shattering |
Non-shattering |
Younger Dryas |
|
Robert Braidwood |
Nikolai Vavilov |
Flotation sampling |
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Jarmo |
Oasis theory |
Wheat |
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PPNB |
PPNB collapse |
Sheep/goat |
|
|
Portrait skulls |
Barley |
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Millet |
Rice |
Pengtoushan culture |
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Jomon pottery |
Chickens |
Peiligang culture |
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Maize |
Squash |
Guila Naquitz |
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Coxcatlan cave |
Teosinte |
|
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Alcohol hypothesis |
Grain hypothesis |
Sugar hypothesis |
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Archaeology of religion |
Archaic period |
Eastern Horticultural Complex |
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Goosefoot (chenopodium) |
Woodland period |
|
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Shamanism |
Catal Hoyuk |
Social stratification |
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Animism |
Cognitive archaeology |
band |
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Tribe |
Chiefdom |
Complex chiefdom |
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State |
Cuneiform |
Cylinder seal |
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Primary state |
Bulla |
Axis mundi |
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Secondary state |
Craft specialization |
Household mode of production |
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Urbanization |
Samarra culture |
Halaf culture |
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Ubaid culture |
Uruk period |
Standardization |
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Bulla |
Oracle bones |
Scapulimancy |
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Yangshao culture |
Dawenkou culture |
Longshan culture |
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Erlitou |
Hsia/Xia dynasty |
Shang dynasty |
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Shangqiu |
Western Zhou |
Eastern Zhou |
|
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Zhou dynasty |
Qin dynasty |
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Legalism |
Mandate of Heaven |
Shihuangdi |
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Taoism |
Confucianism |
Pellagra |
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Alkali processing of maize |
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Think about the following issues and be prepared to write paragraphs about them:
Processualism, postprocessualism, and culture history
Archaeological interpretation of culture and data
Ethnographic analogy and archaeology
How to excavate and interpret foragers
The difference between foragers and farmers
How farming and food production began, and why it would happen
Be
able to compare and contrast domestication in at least two of the following
archaeological cultures: the Levant,
Northern China, Southern China, Mesoamerica, and
The effects of farming and food production on human culture, both material and anthropological.
How to excavate religion
How to excavate political structure
The rise of complexity, how and
why states formed; should be able to compare and contrast N.
Shamanism and how to dig it up archaeologically