Exam 2 Grade Distribution

 

7 point curve

Range

20 to 100

Mean

74.8

Median

75

Outliers

n=3, 20 to39

A’s

6, 21%

B’s

3, 10%

C’s

6, 21%

D’s

5, 17%

F’s

9, 31%

Q6 (Understand):

Yes = 17 (61%)
No = 11 (39%)

Q7 (Fair)

Yes = 27 (96%)

No = 1 (4%)

 

 

Exam 2 ANSWERS


Perform a hypothesis test on all of the questions below.  Set alpha at .05 for each.  Be sure to:



1.  Are the number of hours that people worked last week related to the number of hours that their spouses worked?

 

r = -.02, p = .59, n = 651

 

 

Analysis = correlation, both variables are continuous

 

Ho: There is no relationship between how many hours people work and the number of hours their spouses work. r = 0

H1:  There is a relationship between how many hours people work and the number of hours their spouses work. r ≠ 0

 

Two tailed test. Divide alpha by 2.

 

P is greater than .025.   Accept null.

 

Interpretation:  There is no relationship between how many hours people work and the number of hours their spouses work

 

 

 

 

2.  Does whether or not people belong to a union influence whether or not they were unemployed in the last 10 years?

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

DOES R OR SPOUSE BELONG TO UNION

Total
1  R BELONGS

2  SPOUSE BELONGS

3  R AND SPOUSE BELONG

4  NEITHER BELONGS
EVER UNEMPLOYED IN LAST TEN YRS

1  YES

Count

64

14

6

475

559
%

31.4%

18.4%

26.1%

31.1%

30.5%
2  NO

Count

140

62

17

1053

1272
%

68.6%

81.6%

73.9%

68.9%

69.5%

 

Totals

204

76

23

1528

1831

 

 

Value

df

p

Pearson Chi-Square

5.760(a)

3

.124

 

 

 

Analysis = Crosstab, both variables are categorical

 

Ho:  Being in a union does not influence whether or not people have been unemployed in the last 10 years.  Chi square = 0

H1:  Being in a union does influence whether or not people have been unemployed in the last 10 years.  Chi square ≠ 0

 

Chi-square is one tailed.  Alpha is .05

 

P is greater than alpha.  Accept null.

 

Interpretation: Being in a union does influence whether or not people have been unemployed in the last 10 years.  Most people (70%), regardless of whether they or their spouse is in a union, have not been unemployed in the last 10 years.

 

 

3. I think people who believe marijuana should be legalized have a lower socio-economic status (SEI) than people who believe marijuana should not be legalized.

 

Legal, Mean SEI = 51.47, s = 19.91, n = 572 
Not Legal, Mean SEI = 49.07, s = 19.37, n = 1104

 

Analysis = two group mean test (IV = categorical with 2 categories, DV = continuous)

 

Ho:  H1:  People who support legalizing marijuana have an equal or greater SEI than people who oppose legalizing marijuana.  Mean 1 greater than or equal to mean 2

 

H1:  People who support legalizing marijuana have a lower SEI than people who oppose legalizing marijuana.  Mean 1 less than mean 2

 

One tailed test – tail on left side

 

Df = infinity (572 +1104 -2)

T critical value =  -1.64

 

T calculated  = see board = 2.38

 

T calc is on right side. T crit is on left side.  Accept null.

 

People who support legalizing marijuana have an equal or greater SEI (51.47) than people who oppose legalizing marijuana (49.07).   

 

 

4.  Do men and women differ on their attitudes about spanking children?  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

 

SEX

Total
1  MALE

2  FEMALE
Favor spanking to discipline child.

1.00  agree

Count

617

751

1368
%

79.0%

70.9%

74.3%
2.00  disagree

Count

164

308

472
%

21.0%

29.1%

25.7%

 

Total

781

1059

1840

 

 

Analysis = crosstab, both variables are categorical

 

Ho:  Men and women do not differ in their attitudes regarding spanking children. Chi-square = 0.

 

H1:  Men and women differ in their attitudes regarding spanking children. Chi-square ≠ 0.

 

Df = (2-1)(2-1) = 1, chi-square critical value = 3.84

 

Chi-square calculated:

 

Expected Values

 

  

 

 

 

 

SEX

Total
1  MALE

2  FEMALE
Favor spanking to discipline child.

1.00  agree

Count

580.66

787.34

1368
2.00  disagree

Count

200.34

271.66

472

 

Total

781

1059

1840

 

fo

fe

fo-fe

(fo-fe)(fo-fe)

[(fo-fe)(fo-fe)]fe

617

580.66

36.34

1320.85

2.27

164

200.34

-36.34

1320.85

6.59

751

787.34

-36.34

1320.85

1.68

308

271.66

36.34

1320.85

4.86

 

 

 

 

15.41

 

Chi-square calculated is larger than chi-square critical. Reject null.

 

Interpretation:  Men and women differ in their attitudes regarding spanking children.  More men support spanking children (79%) than women (71%).

 

 

 

5.      Does the frequency by which people visit bars influence the number of children that they have?

 

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

F

p

1  ALMOST DAILY

20

1.55

1.731

24.568

.000

2  SEV TIMES A WEEK

141

1.01

1.287

 

 

3  SEV TIMES A MNTH

139

.99

1.285

 

 

4  ONCE A MONTH

179

1.31

1.333

 

 

5  SEV TIMES A YEAR

221

1.53

1.466

 

 

6  ONCE A YEAR

232

1.89

1.546

 

 

7  NEVER

918

2.18

1.752

 

 

Total

1850

1.80

1.652

 

 

 

Analysis = multiple group means test (IV = categorical with more than 2 categories, DV = continuous)

 

Ho:  How often people visit a bar does not influence the number of children that they have.  Mean1 = mean2 = mean3 = …. Mean7

 

H1:  How often people visit a bar influences the number of children that they have.  Mean1 ≠ mean2 ≠ mean3 ≠ …. Mean7

 

F is one tailed.  Alpha = .05

 

P is less than alpha.  Reject null.

 

Interpretation: How often people visit a bar influences the number of children that they have.  People who have never been to a bar in the last year have the most children (2.18 kids).  People who go to a bar several times a month have the fewest children (.99 kids).  Beyond going to a bar several times a month, it looks like more frequent bar visits – daily or several times a week – actually increases the number of children that people have.