Matching (2 points each)
|
Terms |
Letter of Matching Definition |
|
1. Non-participant
Observation |
G |
|
2. Participant
Observation |
D |
|
3. Informant |
J |
|
4. Gatekeeper |
B |
|
5. Ethnomethodology |
H |
|
6. Going
Native |
E |
|
7. Life
History |
I |
|
8. Oral
history |
F |
|
9. Narrative
History |
A |
|
10. SOC 300 |
C |
Definitions:
a.
The words or writings of people about their life experiences after some
time has passed. The writings are based on a memory of the past, but may be
stimulated by a review of past objects, photos, personal notes or belongings.
b.
A person in an official or unofficial role who controls access to a
setting.
c.
Perhaps the most useful course I have ever taken.
d.
A qualitative style in which a researcher directly observes and
participates in small-scale social settings in the present time and in the
researcher’s home culture.
e.
What happens when a researcher in field research gets overly involved
and loses all distance or objectivity and becomes like the people being
studied.
f.
A type of recollection in which a researcher interviews a person about
the events, beliefs or feelings in the past that were directly experienced.
g.
A qualitative style in which a researcher directly observes a setting
but does not actively interact in it.
h.
An approach to social science that combines philosophy, social theory,
and method to study common sense knowledge.
i.
Open-ended
interviews, usually recorded, with one person who describes their entire life.
j.
A member with whom a field researcher develops a relationship and who tells
about the field.
Multiple Choice: Choose the Best Response (3 points
each)
11. In qualitative data analysis, which of the
following should you NOT do: C
a.
Draw
pictures or models to help organize your thoughts.
b.
Look for patterns in the data and explain why the patterns occur.
c.
Create the final set of categories or codes from the data
gathered on the first day of research.
d.
Write your field notes immediately following your interviews or
observation, and file them for analysis in an organized fashion.
12. When does
theory come into play in a field research study? D
a. Theory is used prior to beginning the data
collection.
b. Theory is developed after the data are
collected.
c.
Researchers develop theory in the field while collecting data.
d.
a, b and c
13. Researchers
use unstructured or intensive interviews in field research in order to: B
a. Minimize interviewer bias.
b. Gain an in-depth understanding of respondent
views and beliefs.
c. Obtain easily tabulated data.
d. Control factors that may affect a respondent's
answers.
14. Which is FALSE
about Historical-Comparative research?
B (THREW OUT)
a. H-C researchers are flexible and adjust their
initial concepts. They question or focus based on what they found in the
evidence.
b. H-C researchers attempt to control bias that
may arise from a point of view or perspective. They are totally neutral and
objective.
c. H-C researchers often use "grounded
theory."
d. H-C
researchers focus on sequence and process. They tend to see social reality as
constructed over time.
15. Which of
the following is TRUE about the history and development of field research? A
a. Field research was developed out of the
methods used by anthropologists to study other cultures and by journalists to
investigate their own society.
b. Field research has replaced ethnography and
ethnomethodology, older methods of research. It is a modern version of them.
c. Field research was first created by the
Chicago School in the 1960's to study the hippies and anti-war phenomenon.
d. Field research was invented by researchers
who lacked the ability to do statistics and could not think logically as
required in quantitative research.
16. While analyzing social data, _____ refers
to looking for things that did not happen.
B
a.
Positive evidence
b.
Negative
evidence
c.
Obligatory evidence
d.
Participant observation
17. In field research interviewing: A
a. Interviewers can reveal their personal
background or interests to the interviewee to build trust and rapport.
b. Interviewers never use probes or follow-up
questions.
c. Interviewers must read each question exactly
as it appears on the interview questionnaire.
d. Interviewers never tailor the question to a
specific informant.
18. A
researcher’s notes on an interview is: D
a.
A page with a pictorial representation of each respondent.
b.
A page of notes that an interviewer took during an interview.
c.
A page with information and background characteristics of the
interviewee.
d.
A page on which comments about the interview itself (e.g., tone,
difficulties) is recorded.
19. Analyzing
qualitative data, Kristen made a first pass through her notes. She read slowly
and put a preliminary label in the notes to identify themes in the data. She
was: A
a. Coding
b. Waxing
c. Labeling
d. Themeing
20. Which of
the following is a characteristic of a distinct Historical Comparative research
method? D (THREW OUT)
a. It focuses on the macro-level only and
excludes the micro-level.
b. It tests hypotheses about precisely
operationalized variables.
c. It uses a deductive approach.
d. It sees causality as contingent.
21. Which of
the following is not a way to perform data verification in qualitative
research: C
a. Conduct a literature review to compare your
findings to similar studies.
b. Ask an expert(s) on the topic to review your
analysis and findings.
c. Ask all the participants in your study to
review your analysis and findings.
d. Triangulate your study and compare findings
of the multiple methods.
22. Professor
Jones gathers existing statistical information from various United Nations
Publications and other sources on 120 nations. She then analyzes the
information to see whether nations with certain forms of government (e.g.,
democratic versus dictatorship) and economies (e.g., industrial versus
agricultural) have particular social programs (e.g., public health programs).
This is which type of comparative research? C
a. Case study
b. Cultural context research
c. Cross-national research
d. Transnational research
23. Which of
the following is TRUE regarding field research? D
a. It is easily replicated.
b. It is the easiest method to use.
c. It yields generalizable laws of human
behavior.
d. It is usually conducted by a researcher alone
or in a small team.
24. PRIMARY
historical evidence on the 1920's U.S. Prohibition era includes: D
a.
An article written in 1962 titled "The Prohibition Years."
b.
A local police department report found in the back of an old filing
cabinet detailing police raids on "speakeasies" conducted in 1922.
c.
An illegal still and equipment used to make "bathtub" gin in
1924.
d.
b and c
25. If one is
in a field setting where there are opposing groups in conflict with one
another, the best thing to do is: C
a. Immediately choose one group and side with
it. Becoming a strong advocate for its position is the best way to gain trust
and intimacy.
b. Leave the field immediately. Researchers must
avoid all conflict and stay neutral.
c. Try to be as impartial as possible. Explain
that you are neutral to both sides to keep lines of communication open.
d. Take an active role as
mediator. Use your influence to get the groups to be friendly with each other
and end their fighting.
26. Why don’t
qualitative researchers usually conduct pilot studies? D
a.
They are usually lazier than quantitative researchers.
b.
With qualitative research taking so long to complete, qualitative
researchers usually don’t have time to conduct pilot studies.
c.
There are too many ethical problems with pilot studies in qualitative
research.
d.
Since qualitative research allows more flexibility in
design, there usually isn’t a reason to conduct a pilot study.
27. Which of
the following should a field researcher NOT do? A
a. Wait at least a week after leaving the field
before writing down any notes. This way the important things can be determined.
b. Place a running description of events, people
and conversation in direct observation field notes.
c. Keep observations in the field notes
concrete. Describe specific behaviors and restate specific conversations
verbatim if possible.
d. Keep a section of field notes for analytic
ideas, hypotheses, and on her personal experience while in the field.
28. Professor
Trainor examined the way in which divorce takes place in Uganda and Pakistan in
order to better understand how divorce occurs in those particular societies.
This is an example of, A
a. Historical-Comparative Research
b. Document Analysis
c. Ethnomethodology
d. Content Analysis
29. The field
researcher should: B
a. Not expect personal stress or psychological
discomfort, but plan for a relaxing and totally enjoyable experience.
b. Disguise or obscure the names of those being
studied by using pseudonyms or made-up names.
c. Never use personal connections or friendships
to gain entry into a field setting.
d. Resolve all ethical dilemmas, problems, and
issues before entering the field.
30. This test fairly reflects the course
readings, lectures and discussion on ethics, experiments and surveys. (No wrong
answer)
a.
True
b.
False
Write them right away.
Be as specific and concrete as possible.
Write: “jotted notes,” “face sheets,” direct observations, research inferences, analytic
notes and possibly (if relevant) a map of the setting. (Need description of
these in the answer....)
-5 minor errors
-10 significant errors
-20 Completely off base
Why?
and How? questions.
When
you want to develop a thorough understanding of why something is going on or of
a group of people.
Open-ended
questions that cannot be answered with a standardized response set. (Ex. Satisfaction with job)
Questions
that are complicated and may need to be explained. (Ex. How it feels to be
victimized)
When
you are not exactly sure all the specific questions to ask, and instead would
like to let the interviewee’s experiences help drive where the conversation
goes.
-5 minor errors
-10 significant errors
-20 Completely off base
1. You want to explore why a particular social outcome
occurred.
2. You want to compare a topic across different
societies.
3. You want to determine whether an “old” explanation of
a social phenomenon is still valid given what we has happened historically
since the explanation was developed.
Examples:
·
What fundamental
features are common to most societies?
·
In the U.S, is race
declining in sociological significance compared to social class?
·
What caused
revolutionary social change in China?
·
How have American’s
beliefs, values, attitudes and behaviors regarding children changed in the 20th
century?
·
How was the institution
of medicine changed over the 20th century?
·
Why did capitalism take
hold early in the U.S. and not elsewhere?
-5 minor errors
-10 significant errors
-20 Completely off base
Validity
= Are the findings attributable to real patterns in society? Are they similar
to what another researcher would find?
Does the story the researcher tells with his or her data match what the
study participants shared?
Reliability
= Is the information shared by informants consistent across time? On another day or in another setting or with
another researcher, would any one informant dramatically change how they act or
the information they share about themselves?
-5 minor errors
-10 significant errors
-20 Completely off base