___  1.    Construct validity relates most directly to 
		
a.	The presence of confounds	
b.	The sampling method chosen	
c.	The operational definition chosen	
d.	The independent variable chosen	

___2.   A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial between subjects univariate design has how many independent variables?

a.	18	
b.	8	
c.	3	
d.	1	

___3.   Sampling error is measured by
   
a.	Population standard deviation	
b.	Population variance	
c.	Standard error of the mean	
d.	Operational definition	

___4.   Which display would most likely retain information on each individual score in distribution?

a.	Boxplot	
b.	Stem and leaf display	
c.	Grouped frequency distribution	
d.	None of the above	

___5.   In which distribution is s = 0?

a.	2,3,5,7,8	
b.	8,8,8,8,8	
c.	3,5,7,9,11	
d.	1,2,0,-1,-2	

____	6.	A very bright student is described as having an IQ that is three standard deviations above the mean. If this student's IQ is reported as a z-score, the z-score would be ______.
a.	0	
b.	3/x-m	
c.	3	
d.	cannot be determined from the information given	

____	7.	A distribution with m = 35 and s = 8 is being standardized so that the new mean and standard deviation will be m = 50 and s = 10. In the new, standardized distribution your score is X = 60. What was your score in the original distribution?
a.	X = 27	
b.	X = 43	
c.	X = 1.00	
d.	impossible to determine without more information	

____	8.	If SS for dist A is larger than SS for dist B, we know that A has more variability
a.	If the distributions are the same size	
b.	If the distributions have a normal shape	
c.	If one distribution is a population and the other is a sample	
d.	All of the above are true	

____	9.	In a population of N = 10 scores, the smallest score is X = 8 and the largest score is X = 20. The range for the population is ______.
a.	11	
b.	12	
c.	13	
d.	cannot be determined without more information	

____	10.	A sample of n = 8 scores has SS = 50. If these same scores were a population, then the SS value for the population would be ______.
a.	50	
b.	greater than 50	
c.	less than 50	
d.	impossible to determine without additional information	

____	11.	For a population with m = 80 and s = 10, the z-score corresponding to X = 85 would be ______.
a.	+0.50	
b.	+1.00	
c.	+2.00	
d.	+5.00	

____	12.	Suppose you earned a score of X = 54 on an exam. Which set of parameters would give you the best performance (highest grade)?
a.	m = 50 and s = 2	
b.	m = 50 and s = 8	
c.	m = 58 and s = 2	
d.	m = 58 and s = 8	

____	13.	Under what circumstances would a score that is 15 points above the mean be considered an extreme score?
a.	when the population mean is much larger than 15	
b.	when the population standard deviation is much larger than 15	
c.	when the population mean is much smaller than 15	
d.	when the population standard deviation is much smaller than 15	

____	14.	A population of scores has m = 20 and s = 5. If two points are added to every score in the population, then the new values for the mean and standard deviation would be ______.
a.	m = 20 and s = 5	
b.	m = 22 and s = 5	
c.	m = 22 and s = 10	
d.	m = 22 and s = 7	

____	15.	Sample variance provides an unbiased estimate of the population variance. The term unbiased means _______.
a.	for any sample, the sample variance will equal the population variance	
b.	for large samples, the sample variance will equal the population variance	
c.	if sample variance is computed for many samples, the average of all the sample variances will equal the population variance	
d.	none of the above	

____	16.	The variability in a sampling distribution will equal the variability in a population from which it is drawn if
a.	The sample size is infinitely large	
b.	An infinite number of samples are drawn	
c.	The sample n = 1	
d.	never	

____	17.	A sample of n = 5 scores has SS = 40. What is the variance for this sample?
a.	8	
b.	64	
c.	10	
d.	100	

____	18.	You must determine Q1 and Q3 to compute the _______.
a.	sum of squared deviations	
b.	interquartile range	
c.	variance	
d.	standard deviation	

____	19.	If sample n = 25 and s = 4, SS must equal 
a.	16	
b.	400	
c.	100	
d.	384	

____  20.	One advantage of transforming X values to z-scores is ______.
a.	all negative numbers are eliminated	
b.	the distribution is transformed to a normal shape	
c.	all scores are moved closer to the mean	
d.	all of the above	
e.	none of the above	

____	21.	A population of scores has s = 20. In this population, a score of X = 80 corresponds to z = +0.25. What is the population mean?
a.	70	
b.	75	
c.	85	
d.	90	

____	22.	The variability of the scores in a sample tends to be _______ the variability of the scores in the population from which the sample was obtained.
a.	smaller than	
b.	larger than	
c.	exactly the same as	

____	23.	A population with m = 85 and s = 12 is transformed into z-scores. After the transformation, the population of z-scores will have a standard deviation of
a.	 85	
b.	 1.00	
c.	 0	
d.	cannot be determined from the information given	

____	24.	Which of the following samples would have the largest value for sample variance?
a.	1, 3, 5	
b.	11, 13, 15	
c.	51, 53, 55	
d.	101, 103, 105	
e.	All the samples would have exactly the same variance.	

	25.	For the frequency distribution table below.

X	f	
5	2	
4	3	
3	2	
2	0	
1	1	

____The mean is equal to______
         
a.	3	
b.	4.625	
c.	3.625	
d.	4	
e.	3.5	

____26.  The median is equal to______
        
a.	3	
b.	4.625	
c.	3.625	
d.	4	
e.	3.5	

____27.   the 75th percentile is equal to ______
a.	4.5	
b.	4	
c.	3.5	
d.	3	
e.	3.625	

	    	___   28.	The variance and standard deviation for the following sample data is _____
Scores: 2 3 2 4 7 5 5

a.	 3.33, 1.83	
b.	 2.86, 1.83	
c.	 3.33, 1.69	
d.	 2.86, 1.69	
e.	 18.86, 4.34	

___   29.   	The variance and standard deviation for the following population data is _____
Scores: 2 3 2 4 7 5 5

a.	 3.33, 1.83	
b.	 2.86, 1.83	
c.	 3.33, 1.69	
d.	 2.86, 1.69 	
e.	 18.86, 4.34	

___ 30.	In a boxplot, the hinges roughly correspond to

a.	The mean and median	
b.	The 25th and 75th percentile	
c.	The standard deviation	
d.	The upper and lower real limits	
e.	None of the above	
	
___ 31.	Multiplying each score in a distribution by 5 will have what effect on the standard deviation?

a.	It will be 5 times greater	
b.	It will stay the same	
c.	It will be 25 times greater	
d.	It will be 5 points higher	
e.	Impossible to know	

___32.	Which sampling method breaks down the population into subgroups and samples randomly from each and every subgroup?

a.	Simple random sampling	
b.	Cluster sampling	
c.	Nonprobability sampling	
d.	Stratified random sampling	
e.	Impossible to know	
___33. When we reject the null when the null hypothesis is true, we have 

a.	Committed a type 1 error	
b.	Made a correct decision	
c.	Made a type 2 error	
d.	Both a and c	
e.	None of the above	

___34. 	A T-score has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of

a.	50	
b.	10	
c.	1	
d.	0	
e.	Impossible to know	

___35.	This measure of central tendency is most influenced by outliers

a.	median	
b.	mean	
c.	mode	
d.	range	
e.	Impossible to know	

___36.	In a distribution, the sum of squared deviations will equal zero

a.	If the distribution is normal	
b.	If the deviations are squared	
c.	Only if there is no variability	
d.	Always	
e.	Never	

___37.	In a distribution, the sum of deviations will equal zero

a.	If the distribution is normal	
b.	If the deviations are squared	
c.	Only if there is no variability	
d.	Always	
e.	Never	

          38.   For the frequency distribution table below.

interval	C%	
90-99	100	
80-89	84	
70-79	68	
60-69	45	
50-59	20	

___   A score of 65 corresponds to a percentile rank of_____

a.	 84.50	
b.	 33.75	
c.	 25.50	
d.	 78.20	
e.	 13.75	

___39.	For the distribution in question 38, the 75th percentile equals______

a.	 88.33	
b.	 57.65	
c.	 68.55	
d.	 83.88	
e.	 75.44	

___40.	For the distribution in question 38, what proportion of the distribution fell in the 70-79 interval?

a.	 68%	
b.	 23%	
c.	 25%	
d.	 60%	
e.	 13%	

____	41.	What proportion of a normal distribution is located in the tail beyond a z-score of z = -1.50?
a.	-0.668	
b.	-0.9332	
c.	0.0668	
d.	0.9332	

___           42. What proportion of the scores in a normal distribution have z-scores less than z = -1.32?
a.	0.0934	
b.	0.4066	
c.	0.5934	
d.	0.9066	

___        43. For a normal distribution with a mean of m = 40 and s = 4, what is the probability of sampling an individual with a score less than 46?
a.	0.0668	
b.	0.4452	
c.	0.9332	
d.	0.0548	

___        44 .	A normal distribution has a mean of m = 500 and s = 100. What score is needed to place in the top 20% of the distribution?
a.	520	
b.	580	
c.	584	
d.	700	

  ___      45.  A normal distribution has a mean of m = 36 and s = 4. What proportion of the distribution is located between scores of X = 30 and X = 38?
a.	0.3753	
b.	0.6247	
c.	0.2583	
d.	0.7417	

___  46.	Which measure of central tendency has the greatest sufficiency?

a.	mean	
b.	median	
c.	variance	
d.	mode	
e.	range	

___ 47.	A confound is a direct threat to

a.	External validity	
b.	Operational definitions	
c.	Internal validity	
d.	Construct validity	
e.	None of the above	

___48.	An increase in power will occur when

a.	Sample size increases	
b.	Effect size increases	
c.	Variability in the population decreases	
d.	A and B, but not C	
e.	A, B, and C are true	

___  49.	1-beta equals

a.	power	
b.	Correctly failing to reject the null	
c.	alpha	
d.	Type 1 error	
e.	None of the above	

___  50.	Where a particular score is positioned in a distribution can be identified with the

a.	Squared deviation	
b.	Percentile rank	
c.	Interquartile range	
d.	Standard error	
e.	None of the above	

___  51.	What cannot happen if the null hypothesis is false?

a.	A correct decision	
b.	1-beta	
c.	Type 1 error	
d.	Type 2 error	
e.	None of the above	

___  52.	Temperature in Fahrenheit is measured on a _______ scale

a.	nominal	
b.	ordinal	
c.	interval	
d.	ratio	
e.	discrete	

___   53.	Which of the following does not belong with the others ?

a.	categorical	
b.	discrete	
c.	nominal	
d.	dichotomous	
e.	continuous	

___ 54.	In a normal distribution with a sample mean of 50, and a sample standard deviation of 6, the 25th percentile is equal to

a.	 55.10	
b.	 54.02	
c.	 45.98	
d.	 48.5	
e.	 Cannot be determined	

	         ___   55.   Probability values are always ______.
a.	greater than or equal to zero	
b.	less than or equal to one	
c.	Neither A nor B	
d.	Both A and B	

	       ___    56.  By selecting a smaller alpha level, a researcher is ______.
a.	attempting to make it easier to reject H0	
b.	better able to detect a treatment effect	
c.	reducing the risk of a Type I error	
d.	all of the above	

____	57.	In a hypothesis test, a z-score value near zero _____.
a.	is probably in the critical region	
b.	means that you should probably reject the null hypothesis	
c.	is strong evidence of a statistically significant effect	
d.	all of the above	
e.	none of the above	

     ___      58.  In a hypothesis test, the "critical region" consists of ______.
a.	sample values that are highly likely to be obtained if H0 is true	
b.	sample values that are very unlikely to be obtained if H0 is true	
c.	sample values that provide proof that H0 is true	
d.	sample values that provide proof that H0 is false	

___     59.  Military rank is measured on 
      
a.	A nominal scale	
b.	An ordinal scale	
c.	An interval scale	
d.	A ratio scale	
e.	A balanced scale	

      ___    60.  Equal intervals is a property existing on

a.	Interval scales	
b.	Interval and ordinal scales	
c.	Interval and ratio scale	
d.	Interval, ratio, and ordinal scale	
e.	Interval, ratio, ordinal, and nominal scales