Español 306 Práctica de cláusulas
adverbiales T. Mount
1. Jorge said he would go to the supermarket
with me provided that he could drive. I
told him that that was fine.
Jorge dijo que iría al supermercado conmigo con tal que pudiera manejar. Yo le dije que eso estaba bien.
2. My other (room)mate, José, gave us ten dollars to buy him (in order
that we might buy him) orange juice, milk, eggs and bread.
Mi otro compañero, José,
nos dio diez dólares para que le compráramos jugo de naranja, leche,
huevos y pan.
Since we
want to say "in order that we might buy"...we have a change of
subject. If we are simply saying that
the money is for buying him these things, we can say "para
comprarle." [In class, I failed to
read the parenthetical clarification and take it into account.
3. I
didn’t realize that I had left my billfold at home until we got to the
supermarket.
No me di cuenta
de que había dejado mi billetera (cartera) en casa hasta que llegamos al
supermercado.
4. Fortunately, Jorge had fifty dollars and he
said he would lend me twenty-five or thirty until we returned to the apartment.
Afortunadamente Jorge tenía cincuenta dólares y dijo que
me prestaría (iba a prestarme) veinticinco o treinta hasta que volviéramos al
apartamento.
5. What a relief! I don’t know what I would have done if Jorge had not had been
with me.
¡Qué
alivio! No sé qué habría hecho si no
hubiera estado conmigo.
6 .When
we got home, I went directly to my room without greeting José ... and before he
saw me.
Cuando llegamos a casa, fui directamente a mi cuarto sin
saludar a José...y antes de que me viera.
(To emphasize
more, we could end the sentence with "...antes de que él me viera a
mí."
7. Although Jorge had wanted to lend me the
money, I wanted to return it to him as soon as possible.
Aunque
Jorge había querido prestarme el dinero, yo quería devolvérselo [a él] tan
pronto como posible (lo antes posible, lo más pronto posible).
ALWAYS use subjunctive (NEVER
indicative):
antes de que - before
para que – in order that
a fin de que – in
order that
a menos de que -
unless
sin que - without
a no ser que - unless
con tal de que –
provided that
en caso de que – in
case
SOMETIMES use subjunctive, sometimes
use indicative:
de manera que –
de modo que –
Use subjunctive
if they are equivalent to "para que."
Use
indicative if they mean "and the result is/was..."
después de que
Use
subjunctive if the action introduced is/was unaccomplished or pending.
Use
indicative if the action is viewed as normally happening or as having happened.
en cuanto
Same logic
as with "después de que".
tan pronto como
Use
subjunctive if the action introduced is future or was pending or uncertain of
occurence.
Use
indicative if the action generally occurs or has occurred already.
cuando
Use
subjunctive if action introduced is future or was unaccomplished or pending.
Use
indicative if the action introduced is viewed as normally happening or as
having happened.
hasta que
Use
subjunctive if the action introduced is future or is/was pending or tentative.
Use
indicative if the action introduced is already accomplished or normally occurs.
la próxima vez
Same logic
as with "cuando." Use
subjunctive if the action has not occurred and is future or tentative.
Use
indicative if the action has occurred.
según
Use
subjunctive if the meaning "in
whatever way".
Use
indicative if the "way" is known or already clear and specified.
aunque
Use
subjunctive if the meaning is "even if ... is/was".
Use
indiciative if the meaning is "even though...may/might be"
como
Use
subjunctive if the "manner" being
introduced is pending, tentative, unknown, not specific...with the idea
of "in whatever way"
Use
indicative if the "manner" introduced is known or already explained
or specified.
donde
Use
subjunctive if the place referred to is unknown or not specified.
Use indicative
if the place is known or already explained or specified.
mientras (there is a section in the
book on this)
NEVER use subjunctive (ALWAYS
USE INDICATIVE) after:
puesto que
ya que
TIPS FOR "IF"
CLAUSES:
After Si (if) never use PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE...
Si él llega
tarde, no podemos ir al cine.
Si ella no está enferma, comenzará su trabajo en enero.
After Si (meaning "if"), never use future (or
conditional).
[However, if "si" means "if/whether" you
can use future. In this kind of
sentence, "if" is not setting up a condition.
Contrary-to-fact "if" clauses, use past
subjunctive after "si". This
may be an imperfect subjunctive or a pluperfect subjunctive, depending on
whether the sentence is set in present or past:
(present reference) Si no tuviera que trabajar, iría al cine
contigo.
(past reference) Si no hubiera tenido que trabajar, habría
ido al cine contigo.
(present reference) Si Jorge estuviera
aquí, estaría hablando.
(present reference) Si Jorge estuviera
aquí. hablaría.
(present reference)
If we could speak Spanish, we
would be able to pass this class.
Si
pudiéramos hablar español, podríamos aprobar esta clase.
(past reference) Ayer no estuvo aquí Jorge.
Si
hubiera estado aquí, habría estado hablando.
Si
hubiera estado aquí, habría hablado mucho.
Si yo hubiera hecho mi tarea la
semana pasada. no tendría que hacerla esta semana.
If I had done my homework last week, I wouldn’t have to do
it this week.
POSSIBLE "IF" CLAUSES:
(future reference) Si Jorge está
aquí la próxima vez, hablará.
(present reference)
Si hablamos español, podemos
aprobar esta clase.
If we speak Spanish, we can pass this class.