Test 2
Biology 160

1.	 In humans, males are:  
 
A.	
 homogametic. 	

C.	
 hermaphroditic 	

B.	
 heterogametic. 	

D.	
 pseudohermaphroditic. 	

	
 
2.	 The____________gene on the ______chromosome determines sex in humans  
 
A.	
 SRY, X         	

C.	
 XIST, sex 	

B.	
 SRY, Y 	

D.	
 sex, Y 	

	
 
3.	 What is the function of SRY?  
 
A.	
 sex determination 	

C.	
 gene for testosterone production 	

B.	
 pseudoautosomal regions for meiosis 	

D.	
 cause of pseudohermaphrodism 	

	
 
4.	 Evidence suggests that homosexuality is ______________.  
 
A.	
 not inherited 	

C.	
 completely inherited 	

B.	
 partially inherited 	

D.	
 completely environmental 	

	
 
5.	 A female whose father was colorblind marries a normal male whose father was also colorblind,  What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?   
A.	
 0% 	

C.	
 50% 	

B.	
 25% 	

D.	
 100% 	

	
 
6.	 Which of the following genetic conditions is not sex-linked?  
 
A.	
 ichthyosis 	

C.	
 sickle-cell anemia 	

B.	
 colorblindness 	

D.	
 a and C 	

	
 
7.	 A woman whose brother has hemophilia is concerned about passing this trait to her offspring.  What is the risk that she will have a son with hemophilia?  
 
A.	
 1/8 	

C.	
 1/2 	

B.	
 1/4 	

D.	
 1 	

	
 
8.	 Males are___________ for X-linked traits  
 
A.	
 homozygous 	

C.	
 hemizygous 	

B.	
 heterozygous 	

D.	
 pseudozygous 	

	
 
9.	 Calico cats have large patches of coat color.  What can we conclude about the timing of X-inactivation?  
 
A.	
 it occurred early 	

C.	
 it occurred both early and late 	

B.	
 it occurred late 	

D.	
 no relationship exists 	

	
 
10.	 Male pattern baldness is a _____ trait.  
 
A.	
 sex-linked 	

C.	
 sex-influenced 	

B.	
 sex-limited 	

D.	
 Y-linked 	

	
 
11.	 Beard growth in humans is an example of a ____trait.  
 
A.	
 sex-linked 	

C.	
 sex-limited 	

B.	
 sex-influenced 	

D.	
 y-linked 	

	
 
12.	 The video concerning sex determination showed the story of Jan Johnson who was an XY female.  What was the cause of this condition?   
A.	
 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 	

C.	
 The SRY gene 	

B.	
 Androgen insensitivity syndrome 	

D.	
 Sustentacular cells 	

	
 
13.	 X-linked genes have different patterns of expression in females and males because:  
 
A.	
 they are suppressed in males. 	

D.	
 they determine maleness or femaleness. 	

B.	
 they are expressed in females only. 	

E.	
 there are two copies in males. 	

C.	
 there is only one copy of these genes in males. 	

 	

 
14.	 In males, genes on the X chromosome are:  
 
A.	
 expressed. 	

D.	
 mutant. 	

B.	
 recessive. 	

E.	
 autosomal. 	

C.	
 disease-causing. 	

 	

 
15.	 A daughter can inherit a sex-linked recessive disorder if:  
 
A.	
 her mother is a carrier and her father has the disorder. 	

D.	
 her father is hemizygous for the disorder. 	

B.	
 both parents are carriers of the disorder. 	

E.	
 her father is a carrier of the disorder. 	

C.	
 her mother is affected with the disorder. 	

 	

 
16.	 If a woman has a brother who is color blind:  
 
A.	
 she will also be color blind. 	

D.	
 her daughters have a 50% chance of being carriers. 	

B.	
 she has a 50% chance of being a carrier. 	

E.	
 25% of her pregnancies will end in spontaneous abortion. 	

C.	
 her sons will all be color blind. 	

 	

 
17.	 X-linked dominant mutant alleles are usually expressed:  
 
A.	
 only in males. 	

D.	
 equally in the sexes. 	

B.	
 more severely in females. 	

E.	
 when X-inactivated. 	

C.	
 more severely in males. 	

 	

 
18.	 Males and females are genetically equivalent because:  
 
A.	
 an X chromosome is inactivated in female cells. 	

D.	
 females lack the Y chromosome. 	

B.	
 males only inherit one X chromosome. 	

E.	
 males are hemizygous. 	

C.	
 the X chromosome is inactive in male cells. 	

 	

 
19.	 Unspecialized structures in embryos that develop into female sex organs are the:  
 
A.	
 Mullerian ducts. 	

D.	
 sustentacular cells. 	

B.	
 Cowper's glands. 	

E.	
 Barr bodies. 	

C.	
 Wolffian ducts. 	

 	

 
20.	 In humans, if the SRY gene is not expressed, the unspecialized gonads develop into:  
 
A.	
 testes. 	

D.	
 Barr bodies. 	

B.	
 ovaries. 	

E.	
 testes and ovaries. 	

C.	
 a placenta. 	

 	

 
21.	 A man has the X-linked dominant condition CGH that produces dense hair on the face and upper body. What is the chance that he will pass it on to his daughters?   
A.	
 0% 	

D.	
 100% 	

B.	
 25% 	

E.	
 75% 	

C.	
 50% 	

 	

 
22.	 Traits that have both inherited and environmental causes are termed  
 
A.	
 heritable. 	

D.	
 familial. 	

B.	
 polygenic. 	

E.	
 Mendelian. 	

C.	
 multifactorial. 	

 	

 
23.	 An example of a trait that is continuously varying is:  
 
A.	
 leaf color in pea plants. 	

D.	
 coat color in guinea pigs. 	

B.	
 height in humans. 	

E.	
 seed color in pea plants. 	

C.	
 eye color in Drosophila. 	

 	

 
24.	 Polygenic traits are:  
 
A.	
 determined by more than one gene. 	

D.	
 determined by genes on the same chromosome. 	

B.	
 phenotypically different in different organisms. 	

E.	
 always recessive. 	

C.	
 characteristic of X-linked genes. 	

 	

 
25.	 In humans, clubfoot has a heritability of 0.8. Expression of clubfoot is:  
 
A.	
 strongly influenced by environmental factors. 	

D.	
 inherited from an affected parent 80% of the time. 	

B.	
 solely dependent on inheritance of the clubfoot gene(s). 	

E.	
 X-linked. 	

C.	
 strongly dependent on inheritance of the clubfoot gene(s) but also influenced by environmental factors. 	

 	

 
26.	 Which risk factor for coronary artery disease is uncontrollable?  
 
A.	
 high serum cholesterol 	

D.	
 hypertension 	

B.	
 family history 	

E.	
 all of these 	

C.	
 diabetes 	

 	

 
27.	 A brother and sister share _______ percent of their genes.  
 
A.	
 10 	

D.	
 100 	

B.	
 25 	

E.	
 0 	

C.	
 50 	

 	

 
28.	 Two brothers share _______ percent of their genes.  
 
A.	
 10 	

D.	
 100 	

B.	
 25 	

E.	
 0 	

C.	
 50 	

 	

 
29.	 The proportion of shared genes (correlation coefficient) between a grandparent and grandchild is _______.  
 
A.	
 12.5% (1/8) 	

D.	
 100% 	

B.	
 25% (1/4) 	

E.	
 0% 	

C.	
 50% (1/2) 	

 	

 
30.	 Dizygotic (DZ) twins:  
 
A.	
 are always the same sex. 	

D.	
 are also called consanguineous twins. 	

B.	
 are as closely related as non-twin siblings. 	

E.	
 are unrelated genetically. 	

C.	
 share 100% of their genetic material. 	

 	

 
31.	 Eye color is thought to be a purely polygenic trait with little or no environmental component.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
32.	 Human height is thought to be a purely polygenic trait with little or no environmental component.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
33.	 The fingerprints of identical twins are identical.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
34.	 What percentage of genes do you share with your Father?  
 
A.	
 50% 	

D.	
 12.5% 	

B.	
 6.25% 	

E.	
 25% 	

C.	
 3.125% 	

 	

 
35.	 Which of the following would support the thrifty gene hypothesis?  
 
A.	
 2/3 of the inhabitants of Naura had become obese one generation after their diet changed. 	

C.	
 The prevalence of obesity has increased in the United States in the past 20 years. 	

B.	
 Pima Indians in Arizona have a high prevalence of obesity while Pima Indians in Mexico do not. 	

D.	
 All of these. 	

	
 
36.	 Genetic determinism states that the expression of an inherited trait cannot be modified by the environment.  
 
A.	
 True 	

C.	

	

B.	
 False 	

D.	

	

 
37.	 Dopamine is the focus of research in which of the following diseases?  
 
A.	
 ADHD 	

C.	
 Asperger syndrome 	

B.	
 autism 	

D.	
 All of the above 	

	
 
38.	 Which of the following statements is true regarding anorexia nervosa?  
 
A.	
 Only females suffer  from anorexia. 	

C.	
 Genes whose products control appetite are not implicated in eating disorders. 	

B.	
 Anorexia has the highest risk of death of any psychiatric disorder. 	

D.	
 All of the above are true regarding anorexia nervosa 	

	
 
39.	 An individual with  Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS) is likely to ____________  
 
A.	
 prompltly fall asleep at the same time each night 	

C.	
 also suffer from cataplexy 	

B.	
 fall asleep several times during the day 	

D.	
 have above average intelligence 	

	
 
40.	 The genes for narcolepsy were first identified in ______________  
 
A.	
 cats 	

C.	
 dogs 	

B.	
 humans 	

D.	
 fruit flies 	

	
 
41.	 Twin and adoptive studies suggest that the heritability of IQ:  
 
A.	
 stays the same through all age groups 	

C.	
 increases with age 	

B.	
 decreases with age 	

D.	
 does not follow any particular trend 	

	
 
42.	 Heritability is a measurement that estimates the proportion of  
 
A.	
 genetic variation in a group that can be attributed to phenotype 	

C.	
 phenotypic variation in a group that can be attributed to genes 	

B.	
 phenotypic variation in an individual that can be attributed to genes 	

D.	
 none of the above 	

	
 
43.	 Individuals that are perfectionists and/or have a low tolerance for new situations are thought to be at risk for:  
 
A.	
 mood disorders. 	

D.	
 panic disorder. 	

B.	
 eating disorders. 	

E.	
 autism. 	

C.	
 schizophrenia. 	

 	

 
44.	 The average score on an IQ test, such as the Stanford-Binet, is _______.  
 
A.	
 50 	

D.	
 150 	

B.	
 75 	

E.	
 200 	

C.	
 100 	

 	

 
45.	 SSRIs such as Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft, are widely prescribed to treat:  
 
A.	
 drug addiction. 	

D.	
 Alzheimer's disease. 	

B.	
 depression. 	

E.	
 Huntington's disease. 	

C.	
 schizophrenia. 	

 	

 
46.	 Schizophrenia is thought to have a genetic component because:  
 
A.	
 the symptoms are behavioral. 	

D.	
 Dogs develop narcolepsy with cataplexy. 	

B.	
 identical twins show high concordance. 	

E.	
 FASPS was found to be autosomal dominant in one family. 	

C.	
 children who have an adoptive parent with schizophrenia are more likely to develop it than children with an adoptive parent who does not have schizophrenia. 	

 	

 
47.	 Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS), in a Utah family, has provided evidence for a "biological clock" in humans. In this family FASPS is inherited as a(n):  
 
A.	
 autosomal recessive. 	

D.	
 X-linked dominant. 	

B.	
 autosomal dominant. 	

E.	
 Y-linked trait. 	

C.	
 X-linked recessive. 	

 	

 
48.	 Early symptoms of schizophrenia tend to affect:  
 
A.	
 thinking. 	

C.	
 hearing. 	

B.	
 speech. 	

D.	
 vision. 	

	
 
49.	 Which of the following would be considered a behavioral trait?  
 
A.	
 abilities 	

D.	
 how a person copes with stress 	

B.	
 feelings and moods 	

E.	
 all of these 	

C.	
 intelligence 	

 	

 
50.	 Researchers believe that genes contribute to most behavioral traits in humans.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
51.	 Drug addiction produces long-lasting changes in the brain.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
52.	 A patient who experiences severe withdrawal symptoms when he/she stops taking a drug is exhibiting _______.  
 
A.	
 tolerance 	

D.	
 suicidal ideation 	

B.	
 dependence 	

E.	
 insomnia 	

C.	
 paranoia 	

 	

 
53.	 A person who constantly needs to take more of a drug to get the same effect is exhibiting which of the following?  
 
A.	
 tolerance 	

D.	
 suicidal ideation 	

B.	
 dependence 	

E.	
 insomnia 	

C.	
 paranoia 	

 	

 
54.	 The most likely diagnosis for a patient who experiences long periods of depression alternating with periods of mania would be:   
A.	
 major depressive disorder. 	

D.	
 bipolar disorder. 	

B.	
 clinical depression. 	

E.	
 insomnia with suicidal ideation. 	

C.	
 schizophrenia. 	

 	

 
55.	 A young woman depicted in one of the video's desired to become a male.  What was the chemical she was taking to effect this change.   
A.	
 estrogen 	

C.	
 testosterone 	

B.	
 dopamine 	

D.	
 leptin 	

	
 
56.	 Which of the following disorders is multifactorial?  
 
A.	
 Klinefelter syndrome 	

C.	
 hypertension 	

B.	
 myotonic dystrophy 	

D.	
 cri du chat 	

	
 
57.	 To date, the most informative studies on how and to what degree heredity and the environment influence human traits have relied on data from:   
A.	
 adopted children and their biological parents. 	

C.	
 dizygotic twins reared apart. 	

B.	
 monozygotic twins reared in the same environment. 	

D.	
 monozygotic twins separated at birth. 	

	
 
58.	 The empiric risk to a family member of an affected individual developing a disorder caused by a multifactorial trait:  
 
A.	
 decreases with severity of the disorder. 	

C.	
 decreases in larger families. 	

B.	
 increases with fewer affected family members. 	

D.	
 increases with increasing relatedness to affected individuals. 	

	
 
59.	 Geneticists calculate the ______of a trait, or the degree to which it is inherited, as the percentage of pairs in which both twins express the trait.  
 
A.	
 heritability     	

C.	
 concordance 	

B.	
 coefficient of relationship 	

D.	
 empiric risk 	

	
 
60.	 A correlation coefficient of 1.0 indicates  
 
A.	
 fraternal twins 	

C.	
 a cousin to cousin relationship. 	

B.	
 a parent to child relationship. 	

D.	
 monozygotic twins. 	

	
 
61.	 Which of the following proteins affect body weight?  
 
A.	
 apolipoprotein 	

C.	
 leptin 	

B.	
 dopamine 	

D.	
 angiotensinogen 	

	
 
62.	 Leptin is secreted by_________cells to influence the action of the ____________.  
 
A.	
 liver : stomach 	

C.	
 hypothalamus : intestine 	

B.	
 adipose(fat cells) : hypothalamus 	

D.	
 pancreas : liver 	

	
 
63.	 Research has shown that people vary in their metabolism and response to medications.  
 
A.	
 True 	

B.	
 False 	

	
 
64.	 Males and females are genetically equivalent because:  
 
A.	
 an X chromosome is inactivated in female cells. 	

C.	
 the X chromosome is inactive in male cells. 	

B.	
 males only inherit one X chromosome. 	

D.	
 females lack the Y chromosome. 	

	
 
65.	 A man with the X-linked recessive condition, icthyosis, would be considered _______ for the trait.  
 
A.	
 hemizygous 	

C.	
 heterozygous 	

B.	
 autosomal dominant 	

D.	
 homozygous 	

	
 
66.	 X-linked dominant mutant alleles are usually expressed:  
 
A.	
 only in males. 	

C.	
 more severely in males. 	

B.	
 more severely in females. 	

D.	
 equally in the sexes. 	

	
 
67.	 The length of the ring finger compared to the index finger in humans is thought to be:  
 
A.	
 Determined by testosterone level 	

C.	
 Controlled by the adrenal glands 	

B.	
 Determined by estrogen level 	

D.	
 Controlled by the Y Chromosome 	

	
 
68.	 How many Barr bodies would be observed in the nucleus of an XXY individual?  
 
A.	
 0 	

C.	
 2 	

B.	
 1 	

D.	
 3 	

	
 
69.	 A male with a missing SRY gene would be phenotypically:  
 
A.	
 female. 	

C.	
 both male and female. 	

B.	
 male. 	

D.	
 hermaphroditic. 	

	
 
70.	 In genomic imprinting, the expression of a genetic disorder depends on:  
 
A.	
 the age of the mother when she became pregnant. 	

D.	
 which parent transmits the disease-causing allele. 	

B.	
 the sex of the child. 	

E.	
 the number of pseudoautosomal genes transmitted. 	

C.	
 whether the trait is X-linked or autosomal. 	

 	

 

Test 2- 07 Key
 
1.B
 
2.B
 
3.A
 
4.B
 
5.C
 
6.C
 
7.B
 
8.C
 
9.A
 
10.C
 
11.C
 
12.B
 
13.C
 
14.A
 
15.A
 
16.B
 
17.C
 
18.A
 
19.A
 
20.B
 
21.D
 
22.C
 
23.B
 
24.A
 
25.C
 
26.B
 
27.C
 
28.C
 
29.B
 
30.B
 
31.A
 
32.B
 
33.B
 
34.A
 
35.D
 
36.A
 
37.A
 
38.B
 
39.A
 
40.C
 
41.C
 
42.C
 
43.B
 
44.C
 
45.B
 
46.B
 
47.B
 
48.A
 
49.E
 
50.A
 
51.A
 
52.B
 
53.A
 
54.D
 
55.C
 
56.C
 
57.D
 
58.D
 
59.C
 
60.D
 
61.C
 
62.B
 
63.A
 
64.A
 
65.A
 
66.C
 
67.A
 
68.B
 
69.A
 
70.D