EDN 509 DECISION 5 BANKS Write either Yes or No in the blanks provided:

______1. Archaeologists believe that the ancestors of American Indians originally came from Burgaw.

______2. Although the word "Indian" often connotes a stereotype image in the popular mind, Indian peoples were quite diverse, both physically and culturally.

______3. Most American Indians were deeply religious and spiritual people, and believed that people should regard the earth as sacred.

______4. The Indian also had a deep disrespect for the rights and dignity of the individual.

______5. The Europeans learned a great deal from the American Indians about representative government and the rights and dignity of the individual, which they incorporated into the major constitutional documents on which U.S. democracy is based.

______6. With the exception of the democratic model of government among the Inca Empire of Peru, Indian communities were ruled by deified chiefs and leaders who had absolute authority over their followers.

______7. The Indians earliest contacts with the Europeans were usually filled with hostility and brief wars.

______8. The Europeans through trade and other schemes initiated divide-and-conquer tactics among the Indian tribes resulting in the demise of wars, raids, and attacks.

______9. As early as the 1760s, a prophet arose among the Delawares and urged his followers to accept European goods instead of returning to the old way of life.

_____10. No aspects of U.S. history are more poignant than the accounts of the making and breaking of Indian treaties by Whites and the forced removal of Indians across the United States.

_____11. During the long march from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838 and 1839, almost one-fourth of the Cherokees died from starvation, diseases, and the perils of the journey recalled as the "Trail of Sorrow".

_____12. Despite the Indians aggressive and bold resistance, the Europeans were destined to win the struggle; Whites retaliated with shocking massacres, like Sand Creek in 1864, biological warfare, and massive wars in which men, women, and children were killed and often dismembered and scalped.

_____13. A congressional act in 1871 prohibited further treaties with the Indian tribes and indicated that Indian resistance had been broken and that they were now a conquered and defeated people; in addition the act declared that in the future: "no Indian nation or tribe within...the United States shall be acknowledged or recognized as an independent nation, tribe, or power."

_____14. Indians had been conquered by the late 1880s.

_____15. In fear over a Paiute prophet named Wovoka who preached a religious belief made manifest in the "Ghost Dance", soldiers killed 300 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek in Virginia in 1890.

_____16. A federal policy goal was to "civilize" the Indians, i.e., every attempt was made to give them a choice and to encourage them to retain elements of their cultures while assimilating into the mainstream.

_____17. In 1887, Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act designed to make Indians independent and to terminate their special relationship with the federal government; this act resulted in many Indians receiving about 90 million acres of land between 1887 and 1932.

_____18. In 1975, the Indian Self-Determination Act made it clear that Indians could "control their relationships both among themselves and with non-Indian governments, organizations, and persons."

_____19. Many Indian tribes have no word for time as we perceive things like "clock time".

_____20. The Indian who gives the most to others is disrespected.

_____21. Respect among Indians decreases as their age increases.

_____22. Indians are taught to live in the present and not to be concerned about what tomorrow will bring.

_____23. American Indian family networks are structurally closed and assume a village-type characteristic.

_____24. The Hopi approve of the person who is good-natured, a hard worker, who causes no trouble.

_____25. Among the Navajo, the "good life" is a psychological state in which the person has peace of mind and only good thoughts devoid of anxiety and hatred.