3. According to Freud, the psychosexual stage in which the child is unconsciously preoccupied with control is called

a. latency   

b. oral  

 c. phallic   

d. genital   

e. anal

4. The defense mechanism where one channels their anxiety in to a  higher productive goal is called?

a. denial                                                                   d. sublimation

b. catharsis                                                               e. rationalization

c. intellectualization

5. The approach to research involving a large number of participants, questionnaires, but no manipulation of variables is called:

      a.  survey.

      b.  case study.

      c.  experimental.

      d.  naturalistic observation

6. Which of the following is a confound in most studies involving birth order effects?

a. the number of years between the siblings

b. the socioeconomic status and education of the parents

c. the gender of the siblings

d. culture

e. all of the above.

7. Which of the following technique did Freud employ in order to gain access to what he called the unconscious?

a. free association

b. hypnosis

c. dream analysis

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

8.  The fact that well known evangelists such as Jimmy Swaggart and Jim Bakker have preached against immoral acts while themselves engaging in immoral behavior would be an illustration of which of Freud's defense mechanisms?

a. projection

b. reaction formation

c. sublimation

d. denial

e. rationalization

8. How does Hebb describe learning at the neuronal level?

*a. When we learn something new, we strengthen synaptic connections, thereby strengthening that memory

b. When a neuron is active alone, it releases chemicals that strengthen other neurons

c. Synaptic pruning dictates that “only the strong neurons survive”

d. None of these

2. The sociobiological theory forwarded by David Buss suggests that men and women differ with

regard to the evolutionary pressures that each experiences in mating. According to

this theory, paternal certainty should result in;

a. women sleeping with many men                              c. men sleeping with only one woman

b. men sleeping with many women                              d. women sleeping with only one man

3. Tolman concluded in his research with rats and maze learning that…

a. All of the rats were learning the maze and forming cognitive maps, even if not reinforced

b. Only the rats who had been reinforced in the later trials successfully learned the maze

c. The rats who did not learn the maze were evenly distributed throughout conditions, leading to the

conclusion that the defect was brain-based

d. None of these

4. According to Kelly's theory and research, when one is confronted with events that can't be explained by

      one's construct system one will experience

a.   joyous anticipation                                                       d.  anxiety

b.  a phobia                                                                           e.  incongruity

c.  depression

5. You go to see Zola who purports to "read" personalities. You, being like most people, are most

      likely to believe which of the following? (Assume that you will get the same findings as in Glick’s, 1985

      research on fake personality assessments)

a. a fabricated, general, but moderately flattering, personality description

b. the results of a real personality assessment

c. a fabricated evaluation that is specific and negative

d. all of the above are equally likely to be believed

6. Research (Huston & Cofer, 1986) on observational learning (modeling) suggests that exposure to violent

       television programs at an early age

a. predicts aggressive behavior in adulthood

b. is less likely to affect behavior than exposure to nonviolent programming

c. is less of a problem in adulthood if viewing is supervised

d. all of the above

7. According to sociobiological theory, in short term relationships (relationships where there is no

interest in long term commitment) a trait that is sought out by both males and females is;

a. financial stability

b. minimal (or ideally no) sexual experience

c. physical attractiveness (beauty; i.e., a proxy for health)

d. sexual availability (promiscuity)

e. earning potential (ambition)

8. According to Humoral theory, an unemotional personality was referred to as;

a. sanguine

b. choleric

c. melancholic

d. phlegmatic

e. none of the above

Practice exam 4 - Final

1. Paranoid personality disorder is more commonly diagnosed in:

a. females

b. males

c. young adults

d. the elderly

e. none of the above

2. What is the current diagnostic system for psychiatric disorders used in the U.S. that defines personality disorders?

a. The ICD-10

b. the ICD-11

c. the DSM-III

d. the DSM-5

3. According to our diagnostic system, what is the probability of having a personality disorder if you have another clinical syndrome like depression?

a. 60%

b. 50%

c. 20%

d. 10%

4. . Which disorder is best characterized by the individual being in a close relationship at all times?

a. Histrionic PD

b. Borderline PD

c. Antisocial PD

d. Narcissistic PD

e. Dependent PD

5. When defining "abnormal" behavior, one of the criteria was "danger." This referred to:

a. the danger one posses to oneself as expressed through suicidal tendencies

b. the danger one posses to oneself expressed as the inability to care for oneself

c. the danger one posses to others through homicidal tendencies

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

6. "Moral insanity" was previously used to describe which of the following personality disorders?

a. Borderline PD

b. Avoidant PD

c. Schizotypal PD

d. Narcissistic PD

e. Antisocial PD

7. In the video, "Bob" would most likely be diagnosed with;

a. Paranoid PD

b. Schizoid PD

c. Avoidant PD

d. Schizotypal PD

8. In the research examining whether self-awareness was increased in a sentence completion task by a mirror (e.g., Carver & Scheier, 1978), which of the following did the researchers find?

            a.         those sitting in front of a mirror generated more other-focused responses

            b.         the effect was increased when the mirror was replaced by an audience

            c.         those not sitting in front of a mirror generated more self-focused responses

            d.         those sitting in front of a mirror generated more self-focused responses

9. According to Maslow, what is the difference between D-needs and B-needs?

            a.         B-needs must be met on a daily basis, but D-needs are only met on a monthly basis

            b.         D-needs require other people to fulfill, but B-needs can be met alone

            c.         D-needs are met in order to survive, and B-needs allow one to thrive

            d.         none of these

10. What would be a primary concern of giving a test like the NEO-FFI to someone with

antisocial personality disorder?

a. Their lack of friends would result in a problematic score on extraversion.

b. Because they tend to be very impulsive, they may not take the time to answer properly.

c. Their emotionally dramatic presentation would make the neuroticism score fluctuate.

d. Their tendency to lie would make such straight forward questions virtually useless.

e. All of the above