PSY 265: Unit 1 Study Guide (see also companion web site for McAnulty and Burnette)

Chapter 1: Sexuality Overview

1. Be able to define human sexuality, gender, and coitus.
2. Describe contemporary trends in US sexual attitudes and behavior, including gender differences in reported behavior. Be familiar with ethnic and cultural differences, as discussed on pp. 8-9. What are current attitudes about homosexuality?
3. How have the major sociocultural influences: mass media, religion, and laws: impacted our sexual attitudes and behavior.
4. Perspectives: Historical, Psychological (Psychoanalytic and Learning), Biological (Physiological and Evolutionary Theory), and Sociological (cross-cultural and sociological/script)
5. Why is a historical perspective useful? Be very familiar with the discussion of masturbation attitudes in our history.
6. Be familiar with concepts related to psychoanalytic theory- ego, id, superego, psychosexual stages, libido (eros- thanatos), phallic stage complexes.
7. Generally differentiate operant and classical conditioning. What is social learning?
8. What is script theory?
9. What examples from Chapter 1 point out the benefits of using a cross-cultural perspective?
10. What is evolutionary psychology? Define sexual selection and sexual strategies. What are the basic differences in strategies for males and females? (Note Table 1.2, p. 32).
11. Why is it useful to integrate the theories?

Chapter 2: Research Methods

1. Define: sexology, science, empiricism, goals of psychology (describe, predict, understand, control behavior), operational definition, skepticism, replicability, epidemiology, determinism, reliability, validity, penile strain gauge (phlethysmograph), vaginal photophlethysmograph, experiment, hypothesis, IV, DV, correlational design, case study, measurement error, self-report bias, volunteer bias, sample, probability sample, snowball technique, convenience sample, informed consent, debriefing, deception, Tuskegee syphilis study, lab vs. naturalistic observation.
2. Be able to provide descriptions, advantages and disadvantages of: self-report measures, observational techniques, physiological techniques.
3. Compare experimental vs correlational research. Compare subjective vs. objective research methods.
4. Be able to describe the research methods used by the “famous researchers” described in class.
5. Describe the ethical principles discussed in class.

Chapter 3 - Anatomy

1. Female Terms: Vulva, vagina, mons, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris (what’s it made of?), urethra, hymen, perineum, cervix, os, uterus, fallopian tubes, fimbria, ovum, ovaries, PC muscles, Bartholin’s glands, Skene’s ducts/glands, menstrual cycle, follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase, premenstrual phase, menstruation, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, FSH, LH, gonadotrophins, GnRH, chromosomes, estrogen, progesterone, corpus leuteum, mammary glands, endometriosis, fibroids, cysts, uterus layers, clitoridectomy, female genital mutilation, hysterectomy, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic examination, secondary sex characteristics, mammography, BSE, endocrine and exocrine glands, pheromones, menarche, testosterone, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea.
2. Compare homologous and analogous structures. What are homologous structures for males and females?
3. Male terms: Penis, shaft, glans, foreskin, coronal ridge, frenulum, scrotum, corona, circumcision, perineum, raphe, testes, cremaster muscle, corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, urethra, seminiferous tubles, speratogenesis, interstitial cells, epididymus, vas defrens, prostate, retrograde ejaculation, Cowper’s glands, acrosome, spermatid, sperm+ seminal fluid=semen, erection, emission, expulsion, testicular self exam
4. Describe female cancers and prevention. Describe male cancers and other diseases and prevention.
5. Consider why it is vital to have a strong understanding of the physiology of sex and reproduction in order to understand more about human sexuality.

Chapter 5: Conception, Pregnancy, Labor- use this guide to help you see sections that will be covered on test. There’s lots of info in the chapter but I will not test you on all of it. Eg- I will not test you on: Prenatal care and sex during pregnancy(pp. 144- 152); Complication on pp. 154-155; p. 159 (sex selection);

1. Know these terms: Fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, twins, embryo, fetus, placenta, amniotic sac, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, HCG, pregnancy test, false negatives and positives, teratogens, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, artificial insemination, clomiphene, IVF, GIFT, ZIFT, FET, surrogate mother, ultrsound, amniocentesis, CVS.
2. Be familiar with the guest lecture.
3. Define: effacement, dilation, transition, Braxton-Hicks contractions, Lamaze method, engagement, episiotomy, epidural, early labor, active labor, prepared childbirth, C-section, cardinal movements, breech position.
4. What are the three stages of labor?
5. What are some of the reasons why a couple might choose prepared childbirth?
6. What are some of the medical reasons for Caesarean section?
7. Define post-partum depression. What are some benefits and drawbacks of breast-feeding?

Chapter 7; pp, 222-227, sexual differentiation during fetal development

1. Terms: prenatal sexual differentiation, chromosomes, sex chromosomes, genetic sex, hormonal sex, gender assignment, gender identity, TDF- testis determining factor, HY antigen, testosterone, MIS (Mullerian Inhibiting Substance), Wolffian Duct System, Mullerian Duct System, undifferentiated gonad, genital bud/glans, urogenital folds, labioscrotal swelling, homologous structure, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Hermaphrodites/ Pseudohermaphrodites/ Intersexuality, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, DHT-deficiency syndrome (Dominican Republic syndrome), Androgenital syndrome/CAH- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
2. Sexual differentiation- know specifically what normal and atypical development is like for XX and XY prenatal sexual differentiation.
3. Describe different definitions of “gender”. Be able to provide a rationale for the “best” definition of gender.