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• Name two processes of physical weathering.  Briefly describe how they act to break down earth materials.
• Name two processes of chemical weathering.  Briefly describe how they act to break down earth materials.
• What are some of the byproducts that can be produced by chemical weathering of rock?
  
• Chemical weathering is strongest in tropical environments.  Why?
• What is a karst landscape?  Name a few of the conditions needed to cause karst landforms.
• Define "shear stress" and "normal stress."  What happens to each when the slope angle increases?
  
• What does "angle of repose" mean?  What determines the angle of repose for fine sediments and soil?
• Name two environmental factors that can cause slope instability and trigger mass wasting.
• Name two human activities that can cause slope instability and trigger mass wasting.
• What is soil creep?  What are some of the visible effects of soil creep?
  
• What is solifluction?  Where does solifluction occur?
• What is a debris flow?  Where do debris flows commonly oocur?
• Define each term in the following equation:  Precipitation = Evapotranspiration + Runoff +/- Storage.
• Name two environmental factors that cause increased surface runoff (instead of baseflow).
• Name two environmental factors that cause increased baseflow (instead of surface runoff).
• From a management perspective, baseflow is considered preferable to surface runoff.  Why?
• Name one human activity that increases surface runoff.  Name one human activity that increases base flow.
• Name and describe the three types of sediment load carried by rivers.
• What type of sediment do meandering streams carry?  Where are meandering streams common?
• What type of sediment do braided streams carry?  Where are braided streams common?
• What are oxbow lakes, and how do they form?  What happens to oxbow lakes over time?
• What causes streams to downcut into their floodplains?  Name a landform produced by downcutting.
• What causes deltas to increase in size?  Why are some deltas (like the Mississippi delta) shrinking in size?
• What is eustasy, and how does it differ from relative sea level change?  Name two causes of eustatic sea level change.
• How much has sea level risen since the last ice age?  What evidence along coastlines confirms this?
• What is shoaling?  In what depth of water does it occur?
• What is wave refraction?  How does it influence erosion and deposition along coastlines?
• What is beach drift?  How does it influence landforms along coastlines?
  
• What happens to erosion and deposition patterns when a jetty is built from a beach into the shoaling zone?
• Describe the formation of these landforms: sand spits, estuaries, sea stacks, wave-cut platforms, atolls.
• What determines the location of coral reefs?  Give an example of a place with a coral reef coast.



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