---

What 3 gasses are most abundant in the atmosphere?

Describe how carbon dioxide and ozone influence radiation and temperature patterns on earth.

Describe the relationship between pressure and altitude in the atmosphere.

What are the 2 bottom-most temperature layers of the atmosphere?  How do they differ?

What is declination?  Solar altitude?  Insolation?

How many hours of day light are recieved at the equator, north pole, and south pole on June 21?  On December 21?

How does average annual temperature vary with latitude?  How does annual temperature range vary with latitude?

Roughly how much of the incoming solar radiation is absorbed by the surface of earth?

What is albedo?  Roughly what is the albedo of the earth as a whole?

How does elevation influence temperature?

How does the temperature of the continents compare to the oceans in summer?  In winter?

Name two factors, with natural or human causes, that can cause changes in average global temperatures.

Describe the deflection of winds due to coriolis (direction and magnitude) at the north pole, equator, and south pole.

How do wind speeds in the upper atmosphere compare to surface wind speeds?

Describe the circulation of winds around surface high and low pressure cells in each hemisphere.

What direction are the prevailing winds in the low latitudes (10-25)?  The middle latitudes (35-60)?  The high latitudes (70-90)?

Describe the typical pressure and location of the inter-tropical convergence zone, the subtropical highs, and the polar highs.

What is the jet stream? 

What causes the Asian monsoon?  When is the rainy season in southeast Asia?  When is the dry season?

What are gyres?  Describe the ocean currents along east coasts and west coasts of continents.

What is the difference between specific humidity and saturation specific humidity?

What is the dewpoint temperature?  Name one way of cooling an airmass to the dewpoint temperature.

Define relative humidity.  How does relative humidity vary when the temperature rises?  When the temperature falls?

Describe convective, orographic, and frontal precipitation.  Give an example of where each is common.

What are the main features of a midlatitude wave cylone?  Why do they occur in the middle latitudes?

Where do hurricanes form?  Why do they NOT form right on the equator?  Why are they NOT associated with fronts?

What is shown on a climograph?  What is the climatic normal?

Name the 3 Type A (Tropical) climates in the Koppen system.  How do they differ, and where does each occur?

Name the 4 Type B (Dry) climates in the Koppen system.  What is the difference between desert and steppe?

What causes subtropical deserts (type B)?  What causes midlatitude deserts (type B)?

Name the 3 Type C (Mild Midlatitude) climates in the Koppen system.  How do they differ, and where does each occur?

Name the 2 Type D (Severe Midlatitude) climates in the Koppen system.  How do they differ, and where does each occur?

Name the 2 Type E (Polar) climates in the Koppen system.  How do they differ, and where does each occur?

---