IX) WEATHERING AND SLOPES (CH. 15, 17)
    A) Weathering
        1. Physical Weathering
            a. Pressure release
            b. Frost action
            c. Expansion of salt crystals and clay particles
            d. Plant roots
        2. Chemical Weathering
            a. Oxidation and reduction
            b. Hydrolysis
            c. Dissolution
            d. Carbonation
        3. Geographic variations in weathering
    B) Karst
        1. Dissolution of limestone (carbonation)
        2. Conditions which favor karst
        3. Karst stages and landforms
    C) Mass Wasting
        1. Slope balance: shear stress vs. normal stress
        2. Angle of repose
            a. for loose soil materials (cohesion)
            b. for rocky slope materials (interlocking friction)
        3. Factors that determine slope stability
            a. Slope angle
            b. Weight of slope materials
            c. Moisture content (solid, plastic, liquid)
            d. Weathering
            e. Earthquakes
            f. Human activity
        3. Mass wasting processes; examples of slope failure
            a. Failure of solid materials: rockfall, landslide
            b. Failure of plastic materials: soil creep, solifluction, slump
            c. Failure of liquid materials: earthflow, debris flow

X) DRAINAGE BASINS AND FLUVIAL LANDFORMS (CH. 16)
    A) Drainage Basin Hydrology
        1. Water on Earth
        2. Drainage basins
        3. Hydrologic cycle equation  (P = ET + R +/- S)
        4. Pathways of runoff
            a. Surface runoff (overland flow)
            b. Groundwater runoff (base flow)
    B) River Channels
        1. Sediment load
            a. Suspended load
            b. Bed load
            c. Dissolved load
        2. Channel morphology
            a. Meandering streams
            b. Braided streams
    C) Fluvial Landforms
        1. Floodplain
        2. Levee
        3. Terrace
        4. Canyon
        5. Alluvial fan
        6. Delta

XI) SEA LEVEL AND COASTLINES (CH. 20)
    A) Sea Level Change
        1. Relative sea level change
            a. Teconic or isostatic uplift/subsidence
            b. Coastal sedimentation/erosion
        2. Global sea level change (eustasy)
            a. Glacial eustasy
            b. Tectonic eustasy
            c. Sedimentation
            d. Dynamic eustasy
        3. Magnitude of Sea Level Change
            a. Quaternary geologic history
            b. Recent history
            c. Near future
    B) Waves & Shoreline Processes
        1. Deep-ocean waves (swells)
        2. Near-shore processes
            a. shoaling
            b. wave refraction
            c. longshore drift
            d. wave erosion
    C) Coastal Landforms
        1. Low-relief, depositional coastlines
            a. estuaries, lagoons, bays
            b. sand spits
            c. baymouth bars
            d. barrier islands
        2. High-relief, erosional coastlines
            a. wave-cut cliffs and bluffs
            b. sea stacks, arches
            c. wave-cut platforms, notches
            d. marine terraces
        3. Coral reef coasts
            a. distribution of coral
            b. stages in coral reef development