I) THE ATMOSPHERE (CH. 3)
A) Composition of the Atmosphere
1. Permanent Gasses
2. Variable Gasses
B) Atmospheric Pressure
1. Measurements of pressure
2. Pressure change with altitude
C) Temperature Layers of the Atmosphere
1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
II) RADIATION & TEMPERATURE (CH. 4)
A) Seasonality - changes in solar altitude and day
length due to axis tilt
B) Global Energy Budget
1. Solar radiation
2. Terrestrial radiation
3. Balance between inputs and
outputs
C) Temperature Patterns - controls on temperature
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Atmospheric conditions
4. Surface cover
5. Land-water contrasts
D) Global Warming and the "Greenhouse Effect"
III) PRESSURE GRADIENTS AND WIND (CH. 5)
A) Atmospheric Forces
1. Pressure gradient force
2. Coriolis force
3. Frictional force
4. Resulting winds
B) Pressure Systems
1. Surface high and low pressure
cells
2. Upper-level wind and pressure
C) Global Circulation
1. Inter-tropical convergence
zone (ITCZ)
2. Subtropical high pressure
3. Trade winds
4. Surface westerlies
5. Polar highs and polar easterlies
6. Polar front and jet stream
7. Asian monsoon
8. Ocean circulation
IV) ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE AND STORMS (CH. 6-7)
A) Measures of Humidity
1. Precipitable water vapor
2. Vapor pressure
3. Specific humidity
4. Saturation specific humidity
5. Relative humidity
6. Dewpoint temperature
B) Condensation Processes
1. Adiabatic lapse rates
2. Lifting condensation level
(LCL)
3. Raindrop formation
C) Precipitation Types
1. Orographic precipitation
2. Convective precipitation
3. Frontal precipitation
a. cold fronts
b. warm fronts
D) Atmospheric Disturbances
1. Midlatitude Wave Cyclones
2. Tropical Cyclones
V) GLOBAL CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION (CH. 8)
A) Climate Classification Systems
B) Climate Zones of the Earth
1. Type A - Tropical Climates
a. Tropical
Wet
b. Tropical
Monsoon
c. Tropical
Savanna
2. Type B - Dry Climates
a. Subtropical
Desert and Steppe
b. Midlatitude
Desert and Steppe
3. Type C - Mild Midlatitude
Climates
a. Humid Subtropical
b. Mediterranean
c. Marine
West Coast
4. Type D - Severe Midlatitude
Climates
a. Humid Continental
b. Subarctic
5. Type E - Polar Climates
a. Tundra
b. Ice Cap
6. Type F - Highland Climates